A sand-fixing method inspired by additive manufacturing

The human living environment is being substantially threatened by desertification deteriorated by wind-blown sand erosion. However, most current sand-fixing techniques suffer from issues such as low efficiency, high costs, and short lifespan. Here, inspired by selective laser sintering based 3D printing, we present a method for sandfixing by sintering micro-sized checkerboard barriers (MCBs) onto the surface of a desert using the laser. The reduction in sand transport rate and particle velocity at various heights suggests that the MCBs play a significant role in blocking the wind-sand transport and stabilizing the sand. We identified two primary mechanisms through which MCBs enhance sand fixation: (1) MCBs substantially weaken the airflow velocity in the nearsurface field and increase the thickness of the boundary layer, thus decreasing the effect of airflow traction on the sand granules. (2) MCBs stabilize the surface layer of sand granules, counteracting the traction effect of the airflow. Additionally, a stable force system is established among the granules by analyzing the force chain. The method described in this paper is expected to offer a promising solution for smart and effective wind-sand control.