Verbesina encelioides (wild sunflower or golden crownbeard), a member of the Asteraceae family, is an invasive species native to the United States and Mexico. It has spread rapidly across several continents, including Asia, Africa, Europe, and India. In India, it has been present since the 1960s but is now becoming a prominent weed in dryland areas, attracting significant scientific interest. Beyond its invasive nature, V. encelioides possesses considerable therapeutic potential. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders, skin infections, inflammation, and snake bites. Phytochemical studies have identified several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenes, from different parts of the plant. These compounds contribute to its broad pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, and anticancer activities. In addition to its medicinal properties, V. encelioides exhibits notable phytotoxicity, suggesting its potential use in controlling the growth of other weeds. The allelopathic compounds responsible for this activity could serve as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic herbicides. However, further research is required to isolate and characterize these compounds and to better understand their mechanisms of action. The present review highlights the comprehensive information on taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological and phytotoxic effects of V. encelioides. While V. encelioides shows promise for both medicinal and agricultural applications, comprehensive clinical trials and studies on its safety and efficacy are essential for its potential integration into therapeutic and weed management strategies.