The alpine wetlands of western Sichuan, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are sensitive to global climate change and vulnerable to ecological degradation. Due to excessive human activities, these alpine wetlands face severe ecological environment problems such as drought, retrogressive succession, and desertification. However, established analytical models have limited previous studies, hindering a deeper understanding of how regional ecological environment changes influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of AWs. To address this, this study proposes an integrated approach that combines high-resolution imagery, open-source datasets, and cloud computing to classify alpine wetland and analyze ecological environment changes. An innovative application of species distribution models is also used to predict the spatiotemporal changes in these wetlands. The results indicate that critical natural factors driving alpine wetland changes include temperature, elevation, slope, precipitation, and evapotranspiration, while socioeconomic factors include population density and settlement distribution. Over the past 20 years, high-latitude regions have seen a decrease in precipitation and an increase in drought severity, while low-latitude, high-altitude areas show an increasing trend. Significant snow reduction has been observed in typical wetland areas such as southern Hongyuan, southern Xinlong, and Haizi Mountain. The expansion of settlements around the Zoige Wetland has become a major external disturbance to these wetlands. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1 (SSP1) emission scenario, highly suitable wetland areas show minimal change, while under SSP2, wetland suitability increases in high-altitude regions of central western Sichuan. Under SSP5, the area of highly suitable alpine wetlands in high-latitude regions significantly increases. Furthermore, the proposed methodology enhances the accuracy and timeliness of estimating alpine wetland resources and simulating spatiotemporal changes, offering a new framework for alpine wetland studies across various scales.