Apple production systems in the mountainous areas of the High Atlas in Morocco face significant technical and environmental constraints, which are exacerbated by the increasing impacts of climate change. This study aims to diagnose the apple production systems in the commune of M'semrir and analyze the influence of local climatic variations to identify strategies for improving the sustainability and resilience of these farms. The arid to semi-arid climate conditions give a pivotal role to irrigation and water resource management. We distinguished three main categories of farms: medium, small, and micro-farms, with two performance levels within each group, based primarily on yield, water productivity, and nitrogen productivity. For most of the farms, primary challenges include modest yields, low water productivity, and low nitrogen productivity, underscoring the need for optimization strategies to improve input efficiency. Effective irrigation management, oriented toward water-saving techniques, could play a crucial role in enhancing farm resilience. Finally, proactive strategies to anticipate and mitigate the effects of drought are essential to ensure the sustainability of these agricultural systems in an increasingly challenging climatic context.