The global rise in aquaculture is driven by the increasing demand for healthy, nutritious food. Despite its social and economic benefits, unchecked aquaculture can cause environmental harm, leading to future losses. This study evaluates the sustainability of P. vannamei shrimp monocultures at varying stocking densities in a semi-arid tropical region. Data was collected from three farms: C6 (6 shrimp/m2), C20 (20 shrimp/m2), and C50 (50 shrimp/m2). Indicators analysed included sedimentation, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus levels, greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and renewable energy. Economic metrics like production, income, and profit, along with social aspects like equity, workplace safety, and remuneration, were also assessed. Of 48 sustainability indicators, 26 were modelled using the DPSIR framework and MULINO computational model. Results showed C6 had low economic sustainability (score 21) due to high costs and low productivity but achieved higher social sustainability (score 42) with better inclusion and income distribution. C20 and C50 were more environmentally sustainable (scores 43 and 44), using space efficiently and minimizing eutrophication. However, C20 was the most balanced overall (index 69), with strong economic and environmental outcomes but lower social benefits. In contrast, C6 and C50 lacked economic viability despite advantages in other areas. The findings highlight that intermediate stocking densities, as in C20, provide a more sustainable approach, balancing environmental, economic, and to some extent, social dimensions. Adjustments to enhance social sustainability are recommended to ensure comprehensive viability.