Caatinga is one of the largest and most important seasonally dry phytophysiognomies in the neotropical region, with high species diversity and endemism. Asteraceae is constantly neglected in floristic studies of Caatinga areas, and the richness, distribution and conservation status of members of the family in this area are little known. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the diversity, distribution, collection activity and endemic species conservation status of Asteraceae occurring in the Caatinga. We created an Asteraceae dataset for Caatinga, which was analyzed in a GIS environment to verify the intensity of collections and species richness; using the same dataset, we created the checklist and carried out the preliminary conservation status of endemic species. Our results show that a total of 137 species (16 endemic) and 82 genera within 16 tribes occur within the Caatinga. We highlight that areas with greater species richness and collection density concentrate in the north, central northeast and central-south portions of the Caatinga and that, although a certain spatial imbalance was observed, these variables present a high correlation, with collections explaining 90.92% of the species richness. Finally, a preliminary conservation status assessment revealed that among the endemic species, all are threatened.