The predominant cropping scheme for dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States includes winter wheat-summer fallow. Lack of crop diversification can deplete the soil organic matter and nutrients, while favoring the build-up of soilborne diseases. Cover crops are becoming more common within a standard rotation, primarily to provide protection against soil erosion, incorporate nutrients, and break soilborne diseases' cycles. In this study, we investigated the potential of using hemp as a cover crop in a dryland wheat rotation to reduce soilborne diseases, and thus increase farmers' profitability. While the benefits of barley and yellow mustard cover crops are well understood, the benefits of a hemp cover crop have not been examined in the PNW. We observed Fusarium spp. disease suppression on winter wheat following a hemp cover crop in the greenhouse studies. However, under field conditions, we did not observe a difference in pathogen abundance on winter wheat following hemp cover crop and hemp amendments in the field. Any potential to limit soilborne disease is a profitability opportunity for farmers. Our findings indicate that incorporating a hemp rotation into the PNW dryland wheat production system holds promise as a strategy to reduce soilborne diseases and improve soil health, though further research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness and underlying mechanism.