This study presents a checklist of plants occurring in the Serra do Mucambo (SM), in the municipality of Conceicao do Coite, which is included in the Sisal identity territory within the Caatinga phytogeographic domain in the northeastern part of Bahia state. The vegetation of SM is characterized as Deciduous Forest, surrounded by pastures and sisal plantations, historically neglected in floristic surveys. Our fieldwork was conducted from 2010 to 2022, with sampling during both dry and rainy seasons. The specimens collected were incorporated at ALCB, HUEFS and HURB herbaria. We listed 365 species, 273 genera, and 98 families. Angiosperms represented 307 species, 236 genera, and 75 families, followed by Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta (47 species, 28 genera and 18 families), Lycophytes and ferns (11 species, 9 genera, and 5 families). Our data shows high floristic richness in SM, when compared with other areas within the Caatinga domain, including a new record of Orchidaceae for Brazil; four new occurrences for this domain; and eight species endemics to Bahia state. This area includes 354 native species to Brazil, while only 11 are introduced or naturalized, characterizing the SM as an important Caatinga remnant. SM is also one of the few remnants of native vegetation in the Sisal region, being home to endangered, rare, and endemic species, several of them useful for humans, justifying the investment in effective policies for conservation of the area.