Chromium (Cr) pollution is an important aspect of heavy metal pollution in soils; hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) pollution will result if wastewater and solid wastes from metallurgy, electroplating, leather manufacturing, wood processing and other industries are improperly treated or stored. Taking a leather factory as an example, this paper collects waste water, solid wastes and soil samples around the factory sewage outlets in various treatment links and carries out the pollution investigation and cause analysis of Cr(VI) in soils. This paper introduces the methods and principle of content determination, adsorption experiment, analysis index and data processing, conducts the pollution investigation of Cr(VI) in soils including environment monitoring and risk assessment, performs the cause analysis of the pollution investigation of Cr(VI) in soils including pollution characteristic analysis and production process analysis, and finally carries out a case application and its result analysis. The evaluation of disturbance index method showed that the disturbance index of Cr(VI) related to the leather factory's production activities and obtained from regional background value is higher than that obtained from the surrounding background value. The Cr(VI) pollution in the soils around the leather factory is exaggerated by using the regional background value. The Cr(VI) pollution in the soils around the leather factory is mainly caused by the dual driving mode of natural Cr(VI) enrichment and leather production activities. The results of ecological environment impact assessment show that the area with extremely high level of total potential ecological risk is only located around wastewater ponds of the leather production; at the same time, as the distance from the wastewater pool increases, the total potential risk level rapidly decreases to a slight level. It can be seen that the abundance of precipitation is the key factor affecting the migration distance of Cr(VI), and the lack of precipitation in semi-arid areas is the main reason why leather factories have limited Cr(VI) pollution in surrounding soils.