Tillage method does exert a certain regulatory effect on yield of rainfed crops. A field experiment was established on the Loess Plateau and was for 8 years during 2009???2017. Three types of fallow tillage (no-tillage, deep plough and subsoiling) were used, and divided the yield with cluster analysis, studied the relationship of the main yield components and precipitation, soil water storage and water use. The results showed that the yield of wheat was influenced by the adjustment of the distribution of yield components in different precipitation years, and the number of plural was the main factor to obtain higher yield, which was influenced by the precipitation during the fallow-period and the sowing-anthesis period, the reasonable distribution of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight is the factor of high yield, which is mainly affected by precipitation and soil water consumption at the later growth stage. In addition, cultivation during fallow-period can achieve higher yield, but under the influence of precipitation type, DP during growth-dry year type was more favorable to the increase of field evapotranspiration, the growth-wet type of SS was more beneficial to the improvement of water use efficiency.