Frequent occurrence of disasters severely threatens the urban-rural construction progress in the Loess Plateau area, and gives rise to massive damage to the property and high casualties. A resilience method should be employed to investigate the interplay of disasters, expansion of residential areas and economic growth. The objective of the paper is to investigate resilience change across basin catchment. The reason is ascribed to the intimacy between geological disasters and a specific river basin, and also the correlation of the river basin with ecosystems including water cycle, landscape pattern, ecological process, as well as social system like human settlement. The pressure resilience of the Yanhe basin increased from 0.137 in 2000 to 0.145 in 2018, which was mainly affected by natural factors such as rainfall, topography, and vegetation index. Before 2010, there existed great differences in the level of resilience with the variation of natural condition index. After 2010, the vegetation index in Northwest areas has increased by 0.05. The increase of anthropogenic vegetation index can significantly improve the geological disaster resilience of the area. Therefore, the pressure resilience in this area has increased by 0.02. In different spaces, the infrastructure construction index, land use intensity index, and economic index show different positive and negative correlations among human factors. Compared with Ansai and Baota, Yan-chang's response resilience is improved slowly, mainly because of the slow speed of economic development and communication emergency infrastructure construction. Between 2000 and 2018, the coverage rate of fixed telephones in Yanhe basin increased by two to three times, the coverage rate of broadcasting also increased to 99%, the proportion of illiteracy decreased by more than 10% on average, the income level of residents increased by more than 1,000 yuan, emergency disasters. The responsiveness is significantly enhanced, and the response resilience is significantly improved.