In many regions of the world, detailed soil maps are not available to improve decisions on land use and soil management for sustainable agricultural production. The central Argentinean Pampas are semiarid lands that have been extensively used for livestock and crop production and there is no detailed soil map that allows to identify erosion prone areas or differentiate between different productive potentials of soils. We used geomorphological maps elaborated through a combined index of NDVI and slope derived from satellite images as a proxy for identifying different soil and land capability classes, and to delineate homogeneous land management areas. Soil pits were dug, and sampling was carried out in three landscape positions in an experimental area identified by the combined index, and soils were classified by Soil Taxonomy and Land Capability classes. Soils differed in their profile depth and water storage capacity, calcium carbonate depth, pH, available phosphorus contents, taxonomic and land capability classification among three landforms: plateau, back-slope and toe-slope. Soil types and their capability class were then extrapolated to the entire study area according to the geomorphological map. The map showed the areas of erosion prone back-slope soils and highly productive toe-slope soils, different from the plateau area that dominates the region. This allows for a more sustainable management, protecting the slopes with permanent cover, using high value crops in the toe-slope areas and a better choice of adapted crops in the plateau, which may result in improving and stabilizing farmer's incomes and reducing wind and water erosion of the slopes.