Soil nitrogen dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems can be evaluated by analyzing the natural abundances of N isotope ratio mass spectrometry (delta 15N) because delta 15N integrates decades of organic matter transformations in the soil. On a large scale, the delta 15N of soil organic matter across climate gradients may provide critical insights into understanding regional patterns of N cycling. However, the mechanisms that control N cycling in some tropical regions still present critical gaps, particularly in dry ecosystems. We evaluated the variation of soil delta 15N in Alisols along the climatic gradient of three physiographic regions in Northeast Brazil: Zona da Mata (humid, rainfall well distributed throughout the year), Agreste (subhumid, rainfall concentrated in 5-7 months), and Serta similar to o (semiarid, rainfall in highly intense events, concentrated over 3-5 months). Soil samples were collected at the 0-20 cm depth layer and analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics, including soil delta 15N, by mass spectrometry. A linear model with physical biological, chemical, and climatic variables was generated to explain the spatial distribution of the soil delta 15N. The map modeled values delta 15N for Pernambuco State was produced using all observed values and the best-performing explicit spatial predictive variables in the model selection - pH, clay content, mean temperature, mean precipitation, and potential of evapotranspiration. Soil delta 15N was positively related to clay content and negatively associated with the pH, temperature, rain, and evapotranspiration, expressing differences in nitrogen dynamics along the climatic gradient. In the Serta similar to o, the low and erratic rainfall combined with a neutral pH and high temperature provide adequate conditions for nitrogen transformations and cause high soil delta 15N.