In order to understand the impact of lands in rocky desertification region abandoned in different years on soil mite community structure and to clarify the change trends of mite community structure and diversity during ecological restoration of the abandoned lands, an investigation of soil mites was conducted in 5 abandoned land pieces with different abandonment years in Salaxi Town, Qixingguan District, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China in May 2019. The results we got showed that: among a total of 5,012 soil mites that were captured in this region, they belong to 3 orders, 38 families and 61 genera, respectively, with Platynothrus as the dominant genus. In the lands with different abandonment years, there shows differences in the numbers of soil mite genera, individuals, community diversity and ecological groups. With the extensions of abandonment years, the numbers of genera and individuals and diversity of mites on the lands show an increasing trend. However, as affected by rocky desertification conditions, the trend is not shown that obvious. The predatory gamasid mites (Mesostigmata: Gamasina) in this area are mainly of r-selective type, and the oribatid mites are mainly of M type. So it can be seen that after different years of abandonment, the structures of soil mite communities are different, and the diversity of soil mite communities has not been restored; the soil environment is unstable, and the restoration of the rocky desert ecological environment is still underway.