Agroforestry is one of the key sustainable land management practices recommended for the drylands that are characterized by a myriad of problems among them land degradation that is exacerbated by climate change. Adoption of agroforestry practices has largely remained low and largely unexplained especially in drylands of Kenya. Socio-economic factors such as education level, occupation, age,land size, income, gender, marital status, cultural believes and family size are linked to agroforestry adoption among smallholder farmers. This study sought to determine the factors that influence adoption of agroforestry practices by households in Makueni County of Kenya, where agroforestry has been promoted by various organizations. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 240 household heads through face-to-face interview. The data was analyzed using a binomial logistic regression model that allowed for determination of factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices by household heads in the study area. The model has shown that the adoption of agroforestry practices were significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by level of education, age, income, gender, marital status and family size of the respondents in the study area. The key policy implication of this study is that efforts aimed at promotion of agroforestry in the drylands should put into consideration these variables for sustainable adoption and out scaling of agroforestry in the drylands.