A long-term study was carried out at ICRISAT farm, Patancheru (India) during rainy (kharif) season 2009-18 with an objective to evaluate impact of tillage (minimum/conventional) and residue (addition/removal) management practices on production capacity and sustainability of maize-chickpea sequential and maize+pigeonpea intercropping systems. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design with 4 replications. The effects of residue addition were inconsistent till the third year of experiment. However, yield benefits from residue addition became apparent fourth year onwards. After 7 years, residue addition showed significant yield benefits to the tune of 9-25% during 2016-17 (8th cropping cycle) and 18-31% during 2017-18 (9th cropping cycle) in both cropping systems. Residue addition also resulted in additional net income of (sic)16,900/ha to (sic)22,980/ha compared to no-residue addition. Minimum tillage in general tended to result in yield loss over normal tillage since beginning. During 8th and 9th cropping cycles, there was net annual loss up to (sic)5400/ha under minimum tillage. Alongside productivity and economic benefits, at the end of 8th year i.e. 2016-17, residue addition showed improved soil health and sequestered around 300 kg carbon/ha/year.