Knowledge of population dynamics and variations of activity patterns of insect vectors of pathogens, are absolutely crucial to understand the epidemiology of pathogen transmission and to design vector control methods. The seasonal dynamics and daily (diurnal) variations of activity of Stomoxys calcitrans were examined using Vavoua traps over one year in a dairy cattle farm from Tunisia. Various climatic factors were included in a Principal Compound Analysis and Multiple regression analysis. The diurnal activity patterns were observed during two hour intervals (7:00 am to 7:00 pm) all along the year. Our study showed that the ideal trap for Stomoxyinae surveillance was Vavoua. It provides the information about the main period of daily and seasonal activity of stable fly. A total of 2066 S. calcitrans were trapped and bimodal pattern was observed: one large peak from March to July (>80% of individuals) and a second smaller one from November to January. The trap catches were positively influenced by temperature but negatively influenced by rainfall and air humidity. Weather variables influenced S. calcitrans monthly and daily. No significant correlations were founded with the wind speed over the study. During the daytime period S. calcitrans showed a unimodal activity pattern with a peak between 11:00 am and 1:00 pm, with many variations among months and seasons. The long duration of outdoors stable fly activity in this area does not facilitate the control of this pest. A better knowledge of their ecology and geographical distribution is important for more efficient control measures of these pests.