This study compared the nutraceutical potential ofApis melliferaandMelipona quadrifasciata anthidioideshoneys from the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, using microbiological, melissopalynological, and physicochemical techniques. Total phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity were also determined. All samples had good microbiological quality and safety with an absence of coliforms,Escherichia coli, Salmonellaspp.,Staphylococcuscoagulase positive andClostridiumsulphite reducing spores. Were identified 41 pollen types belonging to 23 botanical families. Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Sapindaceae were the predominant pollen types inA. melliferahoney, while honey Malvaceae was the most representative in theM. q. anthidioides. Regarding the physicochemical parameters evaluated, 75% complied with the standards established by the Brazilian and European quality legislation. The honey samples ofA. melliferahad higher values of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (260.0 to 341.51 mgGAE.kg(-1)and from 114.44 to 216.29 mgQE.kg(-1), respectively). The samples fromM. q. anthidioidespresented higher antioxidant activity. The honeys ofA. melliferaandM. q. anthidioidesfrom the semiarid regions presented distinct botanical compositions, suggesting that both species use different plant sources, which possibly influenced the parameters related to honey quality as well as the content of phenolic compounds.