The soils of modified landforms of Peninsular India present an opportunity to unearth soil and landscape evolution. We explore the potential of vertical texture contrast (VTC) soils as signatures of past landscape modifications and associated soil formation in Peninsular India. We studied six VTC soils occurring on different geological formations for their morphology, geochemistry, and mineralogy in order to interpret the geogenic and pedogenic pathways of their formation. The presence of a lithological discontinuity with sharp contrast in particle size in pedons P1 and P3 suggested that fluvial sedimentary layering led to their formation. Pedons P2 and P5 are examples of buried soils where basaltic alluvium of varying thickness is overlying the soils of granitic and gneissic complex origin. These soils are potential proxies of landform changes attributable to paleo-alluvial mass deposition, possibly during the late Pleistocene. Pedon P4 is a relict paleosol in which the presence of a Ck horizon between the argillic (Bt) and BC horizons indicates sedimentation of stratified rocks (geogenic) followed by clay illuviation (pedogenic) during the past wet climate. The occurrence of smectite-dominant shrink-swell (S-W) soil (pedon P6) over the shale parent material suggests that the S-W soil is from a transported alluvium of weathering Deccan Basalt. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of VTC soils in interpreting the climate-shift-driven soil-landscape evolution in Peninsular India and elsewhere.