It is expected that the amount of metal waste generation would be increased over time. Although precious metals and other nonferrous metals retrievable in metal wastes have huge economic value, such precious metals have not been fully recovered or reused appropriately for several reasons such as the designation of few items subject to mandatory recovery and recycling, low level of recovery compared to developed countries, and inadequate technology for recycling. In Korea, metal wastes worth KRW 4.03 trillion are generated every year||the value of metal waste retained countrywide is estimated at approximately KRW 46.4 trillion, and the total economic value would be even higher if all of rare and precious metals discarded amid the continually increasing prices of raw materials and technological advancement are recovered and taken into account. Currently, a total of 10 items such as TV are subject to mandatory recycling under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system in the category of electric and electronic products discarded at the end of their useful life.

This is a mid-term evaluation of a UNEP GEF project implemented between 2007 and 2014. The development objective of the project was to promote the formation of an energy efficiency market in Eastern Europe and the CIS so that cost-effective investments can provide a self-financing method of reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The mid-term evaluation was undertaken to assess the project's performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness and to take a critical look at the underlying logic of the project and its relevance to real day issues, as well as at the project implementation approach, and identifies corrective actions to be applied in the second term for the project to achieve its objectives and maximum impact.

The third Sustainability Report of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) provides, in a readily available format, information about our continued work on promoting environmentally sustainable and inclusive growth, and on reducing our corporate footprint. To facilitate comparability, the structure of this third reports is similar to that of the first two, which were issued in 2007 and 2009. The contents are presented in three main sections: Part 1 provides the background of the organization||- its mandate and structures in line with Strategy 2020, ADB's long-term strategic framework. Part 2 features ADB's work on important aspects of sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific, including the environment, social development and governance. Part 3 provides updates on ADB's work to reduce its corporate footprint. The report responds to and presents information in accordance to the Global Reporting Initiative's G3 indicators. The appendix links the G3 indicators with the text of the report and other pertinent sources.

Speaking at the Eye on Earth Abu Dhabi 2011 Summit, President Bill Clinton gave one of his famously wide-ranging speeches to make a number of compelling points: we can help the world prepare for the future, but need to come together to do it. Inequality is damaging to us all, for it pushes us apart. We must always show through concrete examples that doing good makes dollar sense. We must push our financial systems to treat renewable energy sources on the same investment timeframes as conventional projects. And, with more and more people living in cities, dealing with building efficiency is by far the most efficient way of saving massive greenhouse gas emissions.

This document describes the national SCP programme of Zambia

The purpose of the CSF is to provide an opportunity for up to 150 Civil Society representatives from all Major Groups and regions to prepare and consolidate their inputs into the summit, to promote the international agenda for improved access and ability to use and leverage environmental data and information for the benefit of all communities of our global society. Participants to the Civil Society Forum will also participate in the Eye on Earth Summit.

The chapter examines how the green economy is currently being financed and explores the priorities and potential methods for increasing these investments. It makes the case for scaling up financing to help drive the transition and amplifying the financial sector’s role as an agent of change.

A crucial tool to “green” the world’s economy, the World Bank said, is to move to a new way of accounting for national wealth that takes the value of ecosystem services into account. For the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), better control of legal trade and a more effective fight against illegal trade in species is key to protect biodiversity. What links these objectives is the need for accessible, open and rich data – a point repeatedly made by the representatives of the five specialist working groups that are developing the Eye on Earth Special Initiatives.

Interim report on progress within the UNEP Global Mercury Partnership for July 2010 to June 2011

Background: Studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce cancer and fracture risks. Purpose: To examine the benefits and harms of vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation on clinical outcomes of cancer and fractures in adults. Data sources: English-language studies identified from MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through July 2011. Study selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and nested case-control studies reporting incidence of or death from cancer and fracture outcomes. Data extraction: Multiple reviewers extracted details about participant characteristics, including baseline vitamin D status and use of supplements; details of statistical analyses, including adjustments for confounding; and methodological quality. Differences were resolved by consensus. Data synthesis: 19 RCTs (3 for cancer and 16 for fracture outcomes) and 28 observational studies (for cancer outcomes) were analyzed. Limited data from RCTs suggested that high-dose (1000 IU/d) vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk for total cancer, and data from observational studies suggested that higher blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-[OH]D) concentrations might be associated with increased risk for cancer. Mixed-effects dose-response meta-analyses showed that each 10-nmol/L increase in blood 25-(OH)D concentration was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 3% to 9%) reduced risk for colorectal cancer but no statistically significant dose-response relationships for prostate and breast cancer. Random-effects model meta-analysis showed that combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduced fracture risk (pooled relative risk, 0.88 [CI, 0.78 to 0.99]) in older adults, but the effects differed according to study setting: institution (relative risk, 0.71 [CI, 0.57 to 0.89]) versus community-dwelling (relative risk, 0.89 [CI, 0.76 to 1.04]). One RCT showed adverse outcomes associated with supplementation, including increased risk for renal and urinary tract stones. Limitations: Most trial participants were older (aged≥65 years) postmenopausal women. Observational studies were heterogeneous and were limited by potential confounders. Conclusion: Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation can reduce fracture risk, but the effects may be smaller among community-dwelling older adults than among institutionalized elderly persons. Appropriate dose and dosing regimens, however, require further study. Evidence is not sufficiently robust to draw conclusions regarding the benefits or harms of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of cancer. Primary funding source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

El informe VIA Colonia es de gran relevancia para esta urbe, pues facilita la comprensión de los impactos que fenómenos globales como el cambio climático, podrían tener en su territorio, y así responder a las prioridades establecidas en el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Sostenible establecido por la Intendencia de Colonia.

This study was carried out to assess the environmental, social and economic effects of the electrified fence around the Aberdare Conservation Area – a length of fence of nearly 400 km. The construction of the fence took nearly twenty years of planning, fund raising and mobilization of government, donor, private partners and adjacent communities’ resources.

The general aim of this document is to summarize the ecological status of the marshes-Shatt al-Arab-the Gulf System from the period prior to 2011. Special attention was given to the responses of the system after the re-flooding of the marshes. The main objectives of the report to:1)Carry out the preliminary scientific desk study on the influence of the Shatt Al-Arab and the Iraqi Marshes on the hydrodynamic, water quality and the biological productivity of the northern Gulf in order to assess functions of the Marshes in the regional ecosystem. 2)Identify data and information gaps to understand the long-term scenario of potential impacts of the Marshes degradation on the Gulf marine environment. 3) Network with regional experts for further regional research programme on the Tigris-Euphrates freshwater system and the Gulf marine environment.

Report of the meeting of the project executive committee

The objectives of this module are to complement the GEO Cities Methodology to assist government and other institutions that are supporting climate change adaptation either from a technical or a policy perspective. It is aimed at broadening technical and institutional capabilities in the context of climate change, as outlined in the Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity Building. The GEO Cities Methodology should be used as a basic reference guide for integrated environmental assessments in cities

An overview of best practices and field interventions to date

This is a terminal evaluation of a UNEP GEF project implemented between 2001 and 2008. The immediate impact of the SWERA Project was facilitating investment in large-scale use of solar and wind technologies in developing countries and the potential for longer-term impacts. The evaluation aimed at assessing the magnitude and extent of any project impacts and examining the likelihood of future impacts. The evaluation also assessed project performance and implementation of planned project activities by in-country and technical partners, and also outputs related to such activities.

The National Strategic Plan for the Phaseout of Mercury in ASGM in the Philippines

This is a special issue of Ozone action 2011 towards climate protection through HCFC phase out.

An overview of SAICM/QSP in Mali