The Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) published scientific assessment reports on the state of acid deposition in East Asia in 2006, 2011, and 2016 based on the EANET monitoring data accumulated from 2000 to 2014. The Fourth Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSAD4) is the fourth of this series of reports based on the monitoring data from 2000 to 2019 (20 years), focusing on spatial distribution, trend analysis, and impact assessment of acid deposition and air pollution in the region. Periodic Reports on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSADs) are being developed by a Drafting Committee composed of researchers from the 13 EANET Participating Countries, namely Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The PRSAD4 is composed of 3 books: “Part 1 – Regional Assessment”, “Part 2 – National Assessment”, and “Part 3 – Executive Summary”.

The Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) published scientific assessment reports on the state of acid deposition in East Asia in 2006, 2011, and 2016 based on the EANET monitoring data accumulated from 2000 to 2014. The Fourth Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSAD4) is the fourth of this series of reports based on the monitoring data from 2000 to 2019 (20 years), focusing on spatial distribution, trend analysis, and impact assessment of acid deposition and air pollution in the region. Periodic Reports on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSADs) are being developed by a Drafting Committee composed of researchers from the 13 EANET Participating Countries, namely Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The PRSAD4 is composed of 3 books: “Part 1 – Regional Assessment”, “Part 2 – National Assessment”, and “Part 3 – Executive Summary”.

The Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) published scientific assessment reports on the state of acid deposition in East Asia in 2006, 2011, and 2016 based on the EANET monitoring data accumulated from 2000 to 2014. The Fourth Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSAD4) is the fourth of this series of reports based on the monitoring data from 2000 to 2019 (20 years), focusing on spatial distribution, trend analysis, and impact assessment of acid deposition and air pollution in the region. Periodic Reports on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (PRSADs) are being developed by a Drafting Committee composed of researchers from the 13 EANET Participating Countries, namely Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The PRSAD4 is composed of 3 books: “Part 1 – Regional Assessment”, “Part 2 – National Assessment”, and “Part 3 – Executive Summary”.

The GEO for Business Brief titled ‘Future-proofing infrastructure for climate resilience’ published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to better inform, engage and stimulate positive action from business leaders was launched at a successful event on 7 December 2021. The launch was webcast on YouTube as well as on LinkedIn Live and Zoom with the support of UNEP-WCMC and the UNEP Communication Team. The Business Brief’s launch took place through a high-level interactive panel discussion, including opening remarks from Ligia Noronha, UN Assistant Secretary-General and Head of UNEP, New York Office, she set the scene with a keynote statement that emphasized how crucial future-proofing infrastructure is in addressing the three planetary crises (climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste) and achieving the SDGs. She stated further that “by future-proofing, infrastructure is flexible and resilient to risks such as those posed by climate change and environmental disasters, such as flooding or fires. Future-proof infrastructure also helps move us towards a circular, net-zero carbon future. This is even more important now, because between 1998 and 2017, climate-related disasters accounted for 91 per cent of all recorded disasters and this affected 2 billion people, mostly in Asia and Africa.

The authors provide an update on the Cohort Profile of the Young Lives Study, in an article published in the International Journal of Epidemiology This is an output of the Young Lives at Work programme

Maize is a staple crop in many areas of the world. In Eastern and Southern Africa, maize is estimated to account for 22% of all calories consumed and is an important crop for subsistence farmers in the region (Shiferaw et al., 2011). A central challenge for policymakers concerned about food security is how to boost agricultural productivity in lower-income countries, where maize yields are a small fraction of the average in OECD countries (OECD/FAO, 2021). Increasing access to improved agricultural inputs such as high yielding seed varieties and fertilizers have been one focus among policymakers in recent decade (Evenson and Gollin, 2003). However, recently scholarly work and local media coverage has suggested that retail maize seeds in East Africa and other agricultural inputs are variable and often sub-standard (Bold et al., 2017; Ashour et al., 2019; Muchiri, 2019; Okinda, 2019). In Kenya, the regulation of agricultural inputs falls under the responsibility glmlicof the Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS). A number of observable markers on seed packets help indicate that the packet has properly gone through KEPHIS certification procedures, as required under national regulations. For example, a printed lot number, a printed packaging or testing date, and an e-verification sticker help to communicate to the end-user (in this case the farmer) that a packet has been certified and is not expired. This research is part of the Gender, Growth and Labour Markets in Low-Income Countries programme

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the dual crises of disease and the containment policies designed to mitigate it. There is little evidence on the impacts of these policies on women, who are likely to be especially vulnerable, in lower-income settings. We conduct a large phone survey and leverage India’s geographically-varying containment policies to estimate the association between both the pandemic and its containment policies, and measures of women’s well-being, including mental health and food security. The pandemic resulted in dramatic income losses, increases in food insecurity, and declines in female mental health. While potentially crucial for public health, containment policies are associated with greater food insecurity, particularly for women, and reduced female mental health. For women, average containment levels are associated with a 39-45% increase in the likelihood of sadness, depression, hopelessness, and feeling more worried. Vulnerable groups of women — those with daughters and those living in female-headed households — experience even larger declines in mental health. This research is part of the Gender, Growth and Labour Markets in Low-Income Countries programme

Since the WHO officially declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, governments across the world implemented strict lockdowns to contain its spread. Although vital in containing the virus, it caused massive ramifications to world economies, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been one of the hardest-hit sectors. The case was no different for Bangladesh. In this study, we assess the economic impact of the pandemic on the SMEs in Bangladesh. We also assess the pandemic’s economic impact on a sample of youth, many of whom were employed in the SMEs during the pre-pandemic period. This research is part of the Gender, Growth and Labour Markets in Low-Income Countries programme

目的对中国40～65岁女性人群的失眠症状检出率进行Meta分析。方法通过专业检索式进行电子检索,对中国知网数据库（CNKI）、维普数据库（VIP）、万方数据库（WangFang Data）、PubMed、EBSCO数据库、ScienceDirect数据库、WILEY在线期刊、Ovid-Lww期刊全文数据库等进行全面系统的文献检索。用R（4.0.3）软件Meta包进行统计分析。结果本研究最终纳入68篇文献,样本总人数74 028人,其中失眠人数29 911人。中国40～65岁女性人群失眠症状的总检出率为46.87%（95%CI=42.50～51.25）,样本量<1 000、1 000～<2 000、≥2 000人的失眠症状检出率分别为:51.99%、38.53%、32.38%,差异有统计学意义（Q=16.26,P=0.000 3）;自编失眠问题组失眠症状检出率为25.57%,远低于"围绝经期评分表"组（50.15%）(Q=14.11,P<0.01)。不同的调查时间（年度、季节）、调查地区（城乡、东西南北、经济水平）、不同年龄亚组失眠检出率差异无统计学意义。Meta回归分...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effects of health literacy intervention on health literacy level and glycolipid metabolism of people with diabetes in mainland China. METHODS: A systematic review of journal articles discussing diabetes and health literacy was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database of Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, the Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals database (CQVIP), and the Wanfang database. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group (EPOC) standards were applied for quality assessment. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 44 articles, including seven controlled before-and-after trials (CBAs), 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 10 nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCTs), were included. The results showed that (1) health literacy level in the intervention group was improved compared with the preintervention and the control group; (2) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.85, 95% CI: -2.28, -1.42), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) (SMD = -2.18, 95% CI: -2.68, -1.68), and HbA1c (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -1.21, 95% CI: -1.48, -0.94) were significantly reduced in the intervention group; (3) total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.64, -0.23) was significantly reduced in the intervention group, although there were no statistically significant differences for triglycerides (TG) (WMD = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.73, 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.07), or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.17). CONCLUSION: Intervention based on health literacy can effectively improve health literacy levels and reduce glucose metabolism and TC level among people with diabetes mellitus, although it has no significant effect on TG, LDL-C, or HDL-C.

BACKGROUND: High vaccination rates are needed to protect against influenza and to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Health authorities need to know if supplementing mass communications with direct correspondence to the community would increase uptake. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to determine if sending a single written message directly to individuals increases influenza vaccine uptake, and a secondary objective is to identify any identified content shown to increase influenza vaccine uptake. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched for RCTs testing a single correspondence for members of the community in OECD countries to obtain influenza vaccination. A meta-analysis with inverse-variance, random-effects modelling was used to estimate a mean, weighted risk ratio effect size measure of vaccine uptake. Studies were quality assessed and analysis was undertaken to account for potential publication bias. RESULTS: Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials were included, covering 45 interventions. Of the 45 interventions, 37 (82.2%) report an increase in influenza vaccination rates. A formal meta-analysis shows that sending a single written message increased influenza vaccine uptake by 16%, relative to the no contact comparator group (RR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.13-1.20], Z = 9.25, p < .001). Analysis shows that the intervention is effective across correspondence type, age group, time, and location, and after allowing for risk of publication bias. LIMITATIONS: The generalizability of results across the OECD may be questioned. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The implication for public health authorities organizing vaccination programs for influenza, and arguably also for COVID-19, is that sending written vaccination correspondence to members of the community is likely to increase uptake. This study is pre-registered on osf.io; details can be found at https://osf.io/98mr7.

The COVID-19 pandemic affects people's psychological well-being as well as their risk of physical complications. Under the circumstance, it is essential to synthesize the existing evidence on psychological consequences with a view to fostering policymaking. Thus, a systematic attempt was compiled to review the Bangladeshi literature related to common mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed using Medline or PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PsyArxiv, MedRxiv, and ResearchGate, between 20 December 2020 and 5 March 2021, followed by predetermined eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria for this review were observational studies involving at least one mental health problem (i.e. stress, depression, and anxiety) published in peer-reviewed journals or preprint servers in the English language after the inception of the pandemic in Bangladesh. The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 47% (95% CI 39-55%, I 2 = 99.14%), 47% (95% CI 39-54%, I 2 = 99.78%), and 44% (95% CI 30-58%, I 2 = 99.36%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that students were experiencing a higher rate of depression, anxiety, and stress than general people and healthcare professionals. The associated risk factors of mental health problems were gender, age, residence area, family size, monthly family income, educational status, marital status, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol use, fear of COVID-19, presence of chronic illness, unemployment status, and exposure to COVID-19-related news and social media. This systematic review provides baseline data on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress across various Bangladeshi cohorts, which are anticipated to be helpful to the respective authorities for implementing cohort-specific mental health strategies.

Background: The sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of migrants and refugees present important public health challenges. Social and structural determinants affect both the general health and SRHR of migrants, but the drivers of SRHR among migrant and refugee populations remain understudied. Aims: To identify upstream social and structural determinants of SRHR health of migrants and refugees reported in systematic reviews. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of reviews. We studied 3 aspects of SRHR: sexually transmitted infections, sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in migrants and refugees. We used an inductive approach to synthesize emerging themes, summarized them in a narrative format and made an adapted version of Dahlgren and Whitehead's social determinants of health (SDH) model. Results: We included 12 systematic reviews, of which 10 were related to sexually transmitted infections, 4 to sexual violence and 2 to unintended pregnancy. We identified 6 themes that operate at 4 different levels in an adapted version of the Dahlgren and Whitehead SDH model: economic crisis and hostile discourse on migration; limited legal entitlements, rights and administrative barriers; inadequate resources and financial constraints; poor living and working conditions; cultural and linguistic barriers; and stigma and discrimination based on migration status, gender, sex and ethnicity. Conclusion: This review provides evidence of how upstream social and structural determinants undermine the SRHR of refugees and migrants. Unless these are addressed in policy-making and planning, the health of migrants and refugees is at risk.

目的通过证据图谱方法系统识别、描述和评价抑郁症患者运动干预相关研究证据。方法计算机检索建库至2021年7月中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普、Web of Science、EMBASE、Cochrane library和PubMed,获取抑郁症患者运动干预的随机对照试验和系统综述/Meta分析。采用Cochrane手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具和AMSTAR-2对纳入的研究进行质量评估。基于世界卫生组织国际健康分类家族(WHO-FICs)架构,建立证据图谱研究框架,利用EPPI软件和Microsoft Excel2019工具进行数据提取和编码,采用气泡图综合呈现研究人群、干预类别、原始研究样本量及系统综述/Meta分析纳入研究数量、结论分类等信息。结果最终纳入101篇随机对照试验和52篇系统综述/Meta分析。101篇随机对照试验中,共涉及3类干预策略,15种不同的干预措施,主要包括未特指的运动干预(28篇,27.72%)和瑜伽干预(19篇,18.81%)。主要研究结局包括b1.精神功能(92篇,91.09%)和d9.社区、社会和公民生活(19篇,18.81%)。3类干预策略中康复类占比最高,共计47篇(46.53%),主要研究人群为其他特指的抑郁症患者(19篇,40.42%),如重度抑郁症及老年抑郁症患者,46篇(97.87%)结论被归类为"有益"或"可能有益"。52篇系统综述/Meta分析中,共涉及9项干预措施,主要包括未特指的运动干预(17篇,32.69%)和瑜伽干预(12篇,23.08%)。主要研究结局包括b1.精神功能(41篇,78.85%)和不良反应(12篇,23.08%)。3类干预策略中治疗类占比最高,共计34篇(65.38%),其中,研究人群主要为其他特指的抑郁症患者(27篇,79.41%),如成年抑郁症和抑郁症孕产妇,28篇(82.35%)的研究结论被归类为"有益"或"可能有益"。同时,干预环境/背景主要为门诊和住院环境。结论证据图谱结果显示运动干预策略主要聚焦于抑郁症患者的治疗和康复,主要研究患者的身体功能与结构(精神功能),且有效性显著。对于步行、自行车、气功、阻力训练和运动游戏干预的有效性,以及干预时间、干预的不良反应等方面,仍需未来高质量的研究进一步探讨。

文章在传统的查全率和查准率检索评价指标、循证研究证据的分级体系和证据转化整合理论基础上提出了敏感度科学性评价指标，为循证社会科学领域原始研究文献证据质量的科学评价提供了理论依据。通过抽样匹配展开敏感度评价实证检验发现：连接符and比or更能降低检索结果的敏感性; 从敏感度的角度看，为提高查准率，可以优先原则基于“篇名”项的检索式，为提高查全率，则可以选择“摘要”项的组合或单项检索作为补充。

The prevalence of mental health disorders and suicide amongst agricultural producers is a global problem. Community leaders, researchers, policymakers, and clinicians have mobilized to develop programs to address this issue. This study reviewed a wide range of mental health interventions targeting farmer mental health spanning over 50 years and examined their reported effectiveness and constraints. A total of ninety-two articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review. Most articles were written concerning mental health literacy and peer and paraprofessional support interventions in the United States and Australia. Among the 56 studies reporting empirical evaluative data, 21 were mixed-method, 20 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 5 literature synthesis. Non-experimental, self-reported, and qualitative data suggest efficacy of mental health literacy programs, peer and paraprofessional support, and community-based and agroecological interventions. However, most interventions were not subject to rigorous evaluation and only one intervention was evaluated using a control condition. The heterogeneity of existing studies and paucity of rigorous evaluation proscribes firm conclusions related to program-type efficacy. This review demonstrates that there is still a need for a stronger and broader evidence base in the field of farmer mental health interventions, which should focus on both holistic, multi-component programs and targeted approaches.

文章基于前序研究所提出的饱和度和冗余度科学性评价指标和所构建的饱和文献数据集，对文献证据检索的饱和度和冗余度进行评价发现：单项检索时主题检索项效率最高; 使用and连接组合项时应避免加入题名检索项; 组合检索中“主题or题名or关键词or摘要”检索效率最高。

在传统的查全率和查准率检索评价指标，以及循证研究证据的分级体系和证据转化整合理论基础上引入了信度评价指标，为循证社会科学领域原始研究文献证据质量的科学评价提供了理论依据。对前序研究得到的文献证据数据集进行信度评价发现：出现“关键词or全文”检索项在高相关数据集中重测信度更高，出现“关键词and摘要”的检索项在中相关数据集结果最稳定; 复本信度检验结果显示：中相关数据集中出现“关键词or全文”和“摘要or全文”检索项的复本信度都很高，而在高相关数据集中，又出现“主题or关键词”的可靠性较强