Background: The Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) has been applied in numerous empirical studies concerning physical activity (PA) interventions for children and adolescents. Consequently, the aim of this review is to identify and synthesize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in promoting PA behavior change among this demographic, with the goal of informing future research and policy development. Methods: A systematic review was performed followed the PRISMA guideline, protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023416216). Computer-based searches were conducted in the CNKI, Wan-Fang, VIP, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, and EBSCO databases to identify relevant literature. Two researchers independently conducted the literature screening and quality assessment. The quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool version 5.1.0, as recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration Network. For quality assessment of quasi experiments (QEs), the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool was employed. Results: A total of 22 articles were included in the systematic review. Stage-matched interventions and interventions designed based on a more complete structure of the TTM are more likely to promote an increase in the actual levels of PA among children and adolescents, as well as to facilitate an increase in their PA stages. Interventions that combine health information and health behavior feedback are more likely to promote an increase in actual PA levels and the advancement of PA stages; while interventions that include PA programs are more likely to facilitate improvements in health indicators. Conclusion: The effectiveness of TTM-based PA behavior change interventions for children and adolescents depends on the specific measures employed. Interventions that are stage-matched and integrate multiple behavior change techniques using the complete TTM structure are more likely to enhance PA and its associated health benefits. However, there are several normative issues that remain. These include the misuse of incremental stages as a substitute for PA, neglect of stage specificity when applying the model, a lack of framework for behavior change techniques in targeted interventions, and an absence of a dynamic feedback process.

目的：探讨高强度间歇训练（HIIT）与中等强度持续训练（MICT）对肥胖/超重儿童健康的影响，为肥胖/超重儿童运动干预提供理论依据。方法：检索发表在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网（CNKI）等数据库中的相关文献，检索期限为建库至2024年2月，共纳入11篇文献，累计样本量为371例。采用Review Manager5.3软件，对得到的样本进行Meta分析。结果：（1）HIIT与MICT对肥胖/超重儿童体脂率、BMI、瘦体重干预效果在统计学上无显著性差异，但HIIT组干预总效应量均优于MICT组；（2）HIIT与MICT对肥胖/超重儿童VO2max有明显的干预效果，且HIIT组干预效果优于MICT组；（3）HIIT与MICT对肥胖/超重儿童SBP、DBP、INS、HOMA-IR、GLU、LDL-C、HDL-C、TC、TG干预效果在统计学上无显著性差异，但HIIT组干预总效应量均优于MICT组。结论：与MICT相比，HIIT对肥胖/超重儿童心肺适能的改善效果更显著；此外，相比MICT,HIIT对肥胖/超重儿童的体成分、心血管功能有更积极的促进作用...