Presentation This Policy Brief aims to propose specific modalities that can strengthen the review processes of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It advocates for a purpose-oriented, multi-evidence, and multi-stakeholder approach that not only tracks progress but also fosters constructive dialogue, identifies solutions, and enables transformative actions to meet the 2050 goals to achieve a stepping up of efforts if needed (‘ratcheting effect’) towards and beyond 2030. These recommendations are critical for ensuring that the GBF’s ambitious goals are effectively implemented, particularly through inclusive and transparent global reviews. Supplementary material: Building blocks of the biodiversity global review's multidimensional approach and their challenges Key Messages The multidimensional approach proposed by COP15 represents a significant step forward in closing the “implementation gap” by enhancing the coherence between international ambitions and national efforts. Review mechanisms allow the international community to track progress and adjust strategies before the 2030 deadline, thereby reinforcing accountability and enhancing global biodiversity governance. A purpose-oriented global review aims not only at tracking progress but also identifying solutions, barriers, and transformative pathways for the effective implementation of the GBF. It should enhance learning and enable course corrections to achieve a ‘ratcheting effect’ while staying within the non-punitive approach adopted in the GBF. Integrating diverse knowledge systems (scientific, technical, and stakeholder inputs) into the review process will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in implementing the GBF. A review process that includes the perspectives of civil society, indigenous groups, private sector actors, and local communities is crucial for building an inclusive, participatory approach to biodiversity governance. Dedicated dialogues between stakeholders and Parties should be institutionalized within the review process. To ensure a robust global review, it is essential to anticipate potential gaps and challenges in the implementation of the GBF’s review mechanisms. Proactive efforts must be made to identify and fill these gaps, whether in data collection, national reporting, or stakeholder engagement. By promoting a culture of continuous improvement and transparency, Parties and stakeholders can strengthen the overall effectiveness of the review process and enhance global biodiversity governance.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Adaptation, Vulnerability and Ecosystems (AVE) project, Costa Rica and Panama. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Mountain EbA Project, Peru. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Ecosystems Protecting Infrastructure and Communities project, Burkina Faso. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Ecosystems Protecting Infrastructure and Communities project, Senegal. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Mountain EbA Project, Nepal. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Governance for Ecosystem-based Adaptation: Transforming Evidence into Change project, El Salvador. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Incentive-based Hilsa Conservation Programme, Bangladesh. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Potato Park and the Indigenous Peoples Biocultural Climate Change Assessment, Peru. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Supporting Counties in Kenya to Mainstream Climate Change in Development and Access Climate Finance project, Kenya. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Ecosystems Protecting Infrastructure and Communities project, Chile. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Climate Resilient Livestock Production on Communal Lands project, South Africa. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Mountain EbA Project, Uganda. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall strategy to help people to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development. This report presents the results of using our Framework for Assessing EbA Effectiveness at the Participatory Plant Breeding and Community Supported Agriculture project, China. The findings will be combined with those from 12 other sites in 11 other countries to help show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective.

‘Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation: strengthening the evidence and informing policy’ is a four-year project coordinated by IIED, IUCN and UNEP-WCMC as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). It aims to test the effectiveness of ecosystem-based approaches to adapting to climate change, determine the obstacles to their implementation, and influence policy. This background paper presents the overarching questions that the research component of the project is setting out to address.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) involves the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services to help people adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. Like community-based adaptation (CBA) EbA has people at its centre, and it uses participatory, culturally appropriate ways to address challenges, but there is a stronger emphasis on ecological and natural solutions. We believe EbA has great potential to increase people’s resilience and ability to adapt, but it’s being overlooked in national and international policy processes. This project (2015 -2019) aims to show climate change policymakers when and why EbA is effective: the conditions under which it works, and the benefits, costs and limitations of natural systems compared to options such as hard, infrastructural approaches. It aims to promote and provide tools to support the better integration of EbA principles into policy and planning.