Background with Europe's demographic diversity growing due to immigration, understanding and addressing the barriers to healthcare experienced by immigrants is of paramount importance. However, an updated systematic review of the literature on this topic is missing. Methods we systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases to synthesise quantitative evidence regarding self-perceived barriers to healthcare access faced by immigrants in Europe. Peer-reviewed articles, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, studying adult populations not in detention centres were eligible for the review. Articles were charted according to the population of study, sample size, geographical area and level of study (local vs national), and applied methodology (descriptive vs inferential). Results linguistic and health literacy barriers emerge as the most prominent, and most studied, barriers to healthcare for immigrants. The extant literature covers disproportionally Northern European countries; often uses small sample sizes and convenience sampling; and is particularly limited as far as the undocumented population is concerned. Discussion policies should aim at increasing the availability of interpreters and healthcare materials translated in different languages, as well as at better training health professionals to address specific immigrants’ needs. We encourage future research to focus on healthcare barriers faced by immigrants in Southern and Central European contexts; to improve results’ robustness and external validity by using high quality sampling techniques and larger sample sizes, and including native populations as comparison groups; and to put more attention to the experience of undocumented immigrants, as they are the immigrant population with the most critical and precarious healthcare status.

Aims: The World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergency Programme funded three systematic reviews to inform development of guidance for emergency preparedness in health emergencies. The current review investigated the type of learning interventions that have been developed and used during health emergencies, and how they were developed. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Communication and Mass Media Complete (EBSCO), and Web of Science. Study quality was appraised by WHO-recommended method-specific checklists. Findings were extracted using a narrative summary approach. Results: 187 studies were included. Studies were split between online, in-person, and hybrid modalities, conducted mostly by hospitals and universities, and most frequently training nurses and doctors. Studies emphasized experiential learning to develop and reinforce skills; online learning for knowledge dissemination; multi-sectoral partnerships, institutional support and carefully constructed planning task forces, rapid training development and dissemination, and use of training models. Conclusion: It Most studies evaluated only knowledge or self-confidence of trainees. Relatively few assessed skills; evaluations of long-term outcomes were rare. Little evidence is available about comparative effectiveness of different approaches, or optimum frequency and length of training programming. Based on principles induced, six recommendations for future JIT training are presented.

Background: Knowledge translation (KT) interventions encompass a variety of activities, platforms, tools, approaches, and strategies designed to leverage research evidence to enhance health policy and practice. This study aims to review and synthesize existing evidence regarding the sources of evidence for KT, platforms and tools, and their opportunities and challenges in strengthening health policy and practice. Methods: A qualitative synthesis of the literature was conducted, adhering to scoping review guidelines. Relevant articles were identified through searches in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) utilizing keywords combined with Boolean operators. Additional articles were searched in Google Scholar. The search included articles published globally up to July 30, 2023, and was restricted to English-language publications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was followed. Thematic analysis was performed, organizing emerging themes into four overarching categories: the source of evidence for KT, platforms and tools, opportunities, and challenges. Results: The final review included 64 articles. Several themes emerged in each category of analysis. For instance, the source of evidence for KT interventions was primarily derived from review-informed findings and tacit knowledge. KT interventions were facilitated through various platforms and tools, such as advisory committees, review and monitoring meetings, policy dialogues, frameworks, and digital tools including social media. Identified opportunities for KT included health system leadership, knowledge co-production, partnerships, organizational readiness, and evidence contextualization. Conversely, challenges included inadequate institutionalization of integrated approaches, organizational hierarchies, and fragmentation of KT efforts. Conclusions: This study synthesizes insights into the sources of knowledge, KT platforms, and institutional arrangements, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with KT interventions. The synthesized knowledge, drawn from reviews and experiential learning, can serve as a valuable resource for KT, disseminated through diverse platforms. Collaborative partnerships among evidence producers, users, and knowledge brokers, supported by appropriate frameworks, are essential for enhancing KT and improving health policy and practice.

A critical component of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 reform agenda is its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3, which is dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being for all. This narrative review offers a mid-term assessment of Saudi Arabia's progress in attaining these objectives, with a particular emphasis on the public health initiatives and comprehensive healthcare reforms that have been implemented as part of this vision. The Kingdom has accomplished substantial reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality rates, with skilled birth attendance reaching nearly universal levels. Saudi Arabia is a regional leader in the field of infectious diseases, having achieved the 95-95-95 HIV targets and significantly reduced the incidences of tuberculosis and malaria. Additionally, the rates of premature mortality from conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases have decreased as a result of efforts to combat non-communicable diseases. Mental health services have been substantially expanded, which has resulted in one of the lowest suicide rates reported worldwide. Substantial investments have collectively improved the universality and quality of healthcare services in health infrastructure, such as the expansion of primary healthcare centers and the integration of digital health solutions, which have supported these health achievements. Saudi Arabia continues to confront persistent obstacles, including the management of the increase in non-communicable diseases, the mitigation of environmental health risks, and the reconciliation of healthcare access disparities, despite these accomplishments. The review recommends that the social determinants of health be addressed through a sustained commitment to cross-sectoral collaboration, enhanced data collection and utilization for health policy-making, and further integration of technology in healthcare delivery. This review not only emphasizes the Kingdom's successes but also the intricate challenges it has encountered, providing valuable insights into the strategic planning required to maintain health gains and achieve SDG 3 by 2030. Saudi Arabia's innovative approach and robust policy implementation serve as a model for the integration of health priorities into national development frameworks, thereby improving health outcomes and contributing to sustainable development.

Background: Corporate wellness programs are increasingly using digital technologies to promote employee health. Digital wellness programs (DWPs) refer to initiatives that deliver health interventions through digital tools. Despite a growing body of evidence on DWPs, the literature remains fragmented across multiple health domains. Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing research on the efficacy (eg, impact on employee's physical health, mental well-being, behavioral changes, and absenteeism) and acceptability (eg, engagement, perceived usefulness, and adoption) of employer-provided DWPs. Specifically, we aim to map the extent, range, and nature of research on this topic; summarize key findings; identify gaps; and facilitate knowledge dissemination. Methods: We conducted a meta-review of studies published between 2000 and 2023. We adopted a database-driven search approach, including the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The inclusion criteria consisted of (1) review articles; (2) publications in English, French, or German; (3) studies reporting on digital health interventions implemented in organizations; (4) studies reporting on nonclinical or preclinical employee populations; and (5) studies assessing the efficacy and acceptability of employer-provided DWPs. We performed a descriptive numerical summary and thematic analysis of the included studies. Results: Out of 593 nonduplicate studies screened, 29 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health domains included mental health (n=19), physical activity (n=8), weight management (n=6), unhealthy behavior change (n=4), and sleep management (n=2). In total, 24 reviews focused on the efficacy of DWPs, primarily in relation to health-related outcomes (eg, stress and weight), while fewer reviews addressed organization-related outcomes (eg, burnout and absenteeism). Four reviews explored the mechanisms of action, and 3 assessed the acceptability of DWPs using various measures. Overall, the findings support the efficacy and acceptability of DWPs, although significant gaps persist, particularly regarding the durability of outcomes, the role of technology, and the causal mechanisms underlying behavioral change. Conclusions: While DWPs show promise across a variety of health domains, several aspects of their effectiveness remain underexplored. Practitioners should capitalize on existing evidence of successful DWPs while acknowledging the limitations in the literature.

Introduction: There is no recent consensus on the effectiveness of teledentistry versus in-person examination in the diagnosis of dental caries, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of teledentistry versus in-person examination for dental caries diagnosis (PROSPERO #CRD42023410962). Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of teledentistry versus in-person examination for dental caries diagnosis. The eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2013 and December 2021 that reported diagnostic parameters (specificity and sensitivity) for caries detection in primary and permanent dentition. Articles were extracted using search strategies from PubMed and CINAHL databases and screened using PRISMA-DTA guidelines, following a review for quality assessment and risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. Meta-analysis was conducted in R using the MADA package. A descriptive analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and confidence intervals was performed with respective forest plots. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane and Higgins's 2 tests. Univariate measures of diagnostic accuracy were performed based on the DerSimonian-Laird random effect and reported summary diagnostic odds ratios. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic parameters ranged from 45.6% to 88.3% for sensitivity, 55.2% to 98.3% for specificity, 79% to 92% for positive predictive value, 48% to 97% for negative predictive value, and 70% to 96% for accuracy. The κ scores ranged from 0.46 to 0.89 for teledentistry modalities. Tests for equality of sensitivities and specificities were significant ( < 0.001). The studies were not heterogeneous with Cochran's : 14.502 ( = 0.206) and Higgins's 2 of 24%. The multivariable analysis showed a diagnostic odds ratio based on the DerSimonian-Laird random effect of 35.14, which indicates that the odds of caries detection via teledentistry is 35 times more true positive (i.e., correctly identifying a positive condition) than false positive. Conclusions: Diagnosis of caries via teledentistry is effective and comparable to in-person diagnosis. Remote assessments are consistent in diagnostic accuracy for caries.Knowledge Transfer Statement:This systematic review and meta-analysis added to the evidence about using teledentistry assessment as a diagnostically accurate tool to detect dental caries. Using teledentistry dental practices could promote greater access to dental and oral health care in the absence of in-person assessment.

Hysterectomy, removal of the uterus, is a commonly performed surgery for gynaecological morbidities. Emerging evidence indicates that hysterectomy performed before age 45 (early hysterectomy), is associated with considerable risks to women's health. While most evidence on hysterectomy is from high-income settings, national surveys from India report high prevalence of early hysterectomy in specific regions, as well as higher prevalence amongst women in rural areas and with less education. The median age at hysterectomy in India is close to ten years before the onset of natural menopause. India has recently introduced national guidelines to address early hysterectomy, but large evidence gaps on the causes and consequences remain - which in turn limits the potential effectiveness of interventions at the clinical, health system and community level. Methods: SAHELI is a Team Science study that will examine: (i) individual, social and health system determinants of early hysterectomy; (ii) women's treatment pathways to hysterectomy and for gynaecological morbidity in general; and (iii) the consequences of undergoing hysterectomy on women's physical, mental, economic and social well-being across the life course. This mixed-methods study includes population surveys amongst women in ages 25-49 in three high-prevalence states; qualitative health systems research to trace treatment journeys with women, health care providers and other stakeholders; evidence syntheses; and knowledge translation activities to ensure findings inform co-produced strategies and interventions. The study is grounded in a feminist epidemiology approach, aiming to examine individual and structural causes of vulnerability and prioritising the views of women, particularly in knowledge translation. Conclusions: SAHELI, implemented by an all-women, multi-disciplinary team, is the first study in India to examine the causes and consequences of hysterectomy in a life course approach. We aim to influence interventions, policy and future research on women's health, particularly access to quality gynaecological care and comprehensive health services through the life course.

This bibliometric study examines the scholarly landscape of migration and women's health, analyzing 1314 Scopus-indexed articles from 462 journals published between 2000 and 2023. Findings indicate a consistent increase in research output, reflecting growing global interest in this interdisciplinary field. Geographically, high-income countries (HICs), including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, dominate contributions, while low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain underrepresented despite hosting significant migrant populations. International collaborations play a crucial role, with key institutions such as the University of California and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine shaping research efforts. The keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights migration, gender dynamics, mental health, and reproductive health as dominant themes. Persistent gaps in mental and reproductive healthcare access for migrant women emphasize the need for trauma-informed care (TIC), mobile bilingual healthcare services, and inclusive health policies. Disparities in research funding further exacerbate global health inequities, underscoring the necessity of equitable redistribution of resources, including redirecting at least 10 % of HIC research grants to LMIC-led studies. The COVID-19 pandemic magnified pre-existing vulnerabilities, stressing the importance of multilateral collaborations and sustainable policy interventions to enhance migrant healthcare access. This study provides valuable insights into research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic focus areas, offering a foundation for future interdisciplinary research and evidence-based policymaking aimed at promoting health equity for migrant women globally.

Our review examines the operational dynamics and effectiveness of integrated healthcare models in Australia, focusing on their relevance for older rural adults with preventable chronic diseases. Using Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) systematic integrative review methods, we conducted a search across five databases, including Medline-EBSCO, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. The Sustainable Integrated Chronic Care Models for Multimorbidity (SELFIE) framework, established by Leijten et al. (2018), was used for reflexive thematic synthesis. A two-stage screening process identified 15 integrated healthcare models, with five RCTs evaluating their effects on chronic conditions. The analysis revealed two key themes: aspects of care integration (service delivery, leadership, workforce, technology, and finance) and changes in patient and healthcare outcomes. Care coordination and multidisciplinary team care were common features, bridging gaps between health and social services for older patients. Despite challenges such as irregular funding and underutilisation of technology, several models demonstrated positive patient and healthcare outcomes. Virtual care platforms and remote monitoring systems have shown promise in improving patient engagement and enabling real-time care adjustments, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare access. Our review highlights the need for integrated healthcare for older rural Australians with preventable chronic conditions, revealing the complexity of service models. Policy shifts towards coordinated services and changes in leadership and healthcare practices are essential to ensure this demographic receives integrated care that meets their needs.

Introduction: Deliberative dialogue (DD) is a participatory research methodology wherein stakeholders with diverse backgrounds, experiences and interests come together to engage in discussions to build consensus for collaborative decision-making. The methodology is increasingly used in health promotion research to develop equitable solutions to complex problems. A review of PubMed-indexed papers alone showed a 9% increase in published DD studies in 2024 from prior years (2020-2023), with most focusing on health promotion and service co-design. Given the increasing emphasis on multistakeholder engagement in research, there is a need to understand how DD has been used as a methodological tool for the co-design, modifications, implementation, evaluation, and knowledge dissemination of health promotion interventions. This scoping study aims to comprehensively understand the application of DD in intervention design to provide a framework to ensure DD is employed with methodological rigour. It will offer valuable insights into how its systematic use can improve the credibility, validity, and trustworthiness of study findings while respecting the principles of participation and knowledge co-production. Methods: This scoping review follows the Arksey & O'Malley framework. The Arksey & O'Malley framework is designed to map the key concepts, types of evidence, and gaps in research, consisting of five stages: identifying research questions, selecting relevant studies, screening, data charting, and summarizing results. The research team includes decision-makers, researchers, healthcare providers involved in the co-design, co-implementation and co-evaluation of health-promoting interventions, and two patient partners with previous experience in collaborative decision-making. Searches will be performed across multiple databases such as OVID Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Studies will undergo abstract and full-text screening using Covidence. Covidence is an online platform designed to simplify the process of creating systematic and other in-depth literature reviews (including scoping reviews, rapid reviews, and meta-syntheses), abstract, full-text screening, and extraction of study details, results, and references. A data extraction template has been co-developed building on Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patient and Public (GRIPP2), which ensures comprehensive reporting of patient and public involvement in research, and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist facilitates the consistent reporting of methodologies. This data will allow us to understand how DD is used to co-design health interventions. Data extraction will be performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer for consistency. It will then be synthesized to map how DD has been used across various stages of health promotion interventions. Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review does not require ethics approval as it analyzes data from existing research articles. The results will inform the development of guidelines to support methodologically rigorous DD regarding the co-design, co-implementation, and co-evaluation of health-promoting interventions.

Background: Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although clinical practice guidelines for management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy recommend involvement of a general practitioner for ongoing cardiovascular disease preventative care, there are no intervention strategies embedded within primary care aimed at improving risk assessment or management for women after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study aim was to co-design an intervention to improve implementation of cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for primary care settings in a local health district in New South Wales, Australia. Method: Using the Integrated Knowledge Translation framework, a series of five co-design meetings with the investigative team and end users were conducted online. Meetings were informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel framework for intervention development and incorporated research findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis, surveys and an online discussion. Data from activities and audio recordings following each meeting were analysed thematically using inductive-deductive thematic analysis. Results were summarized after each meeting, and findings used to inform ongoing intervention development. Results: The 18 end users included women with lived experience of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 8), obstetricians (n = 2), midwives (n = 5) and general practitioners (n = 3). Target priorities were to improve communication between hospital staff and general practitioners following the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and increase the knowledge of general practitioners and women regarding cardiovascular disease prevention after cardiometabolic pregnancy complications. Part 1 of the intervention is set within the hospital setting and delivered via physical resources to address the communication gap between hospital and primary care providers about the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Part 2 is delivered via an update to an existing general practice education platform and through resources for use within consultations to provide education for women and general practitioners about cardiovascular disease prevention after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Conclusion: The Integrated Knowledge Translation and Behaviour Change Wheel frameworks aided in the development of a targeted intervention to improve implementation of cardiovascular risk assessment and management for women after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, based on gaps identified in current primary care practice.

Background: Surgical procedures present intricate challenges within healthcare delivery, often associated with higher risks of adverse events compared with non-surgical contexts. Patient and family engagement (PFE) throughout the perioperative journey is a possibility to enhance care quality, safety and patient-centredness. However, literature addressing PFE across the entirety of the perioperative journey remains sparse. Objective: The current scoping review aims to comprehensively map the existing interventions with PFE approach focused on improving patient safety across various types of surgical procedures throughout the perioperative journey. In addition, the review aims to understand the level and type of PFE approach adopted in this context. Eligibility criteria: Articles published in indexed peer-reviewed journals from 2003 to 2023, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish, that report on interventions with PFE approach targeting adult surgical patients, their families, caregivers, patient advocates and patient champions. The review includes articles reporting on both inpatient and ambulatory surgical patients. Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews framework, this review systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for relevant articles. Eligible interventions were categorised using PFE framework regarding the level of engagement and mapped according to the WHO Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030. Results: Out of 765 records initially identified, 32 met the eligibility criteria for data extraction and analysis, of which 40% originated from the USA, followed by the UK (18%) and Canada (12%). 47% of the interventions targeted 'multiple/all types' of procedures, 19% focused on cardiothoracic surgeries and 9% on gynaecological procedures or organ transplant. The majority of the interventions (88%) focused on PFE at the direct care level, predominantly adopting a consultation-based approach. Furthermore, 81% of eligible interventions emphasised patient information and education, 16% addressed codevelopment of policy and 3% of interventions focused on patient advocacy. Conclusion: The findings show a predominant focus on PFE interventions targeting patient safety at the direct care level, particularly in the provision of patient information and education. However, interventions at organisational and policy-making levels are notably scarce. Further investment is required to promote interventions engaging patients and families at broader organisational and policy-making levels.

Background: In response to the significant increase in the global aging population, countries have increasingly prioritized Age-Friendly Primary Health Care (AFPHC) to address the unique needs of older adults. This study aims to develop a comprehensive model for assessing the progress of PHC systems in achieving the goals of an elderly-centered services. Method: A qualitative study design was utilized to develop the progress assessment model for AFPHC initiatives. This process involved a literature review (academic databases and manual search), semi-structured interviews, an expert panel discussion, and the Delphi technique for achieving consensus on the final model. Participants in the semi-structured interviews were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, which required professionals and stakeholders to have a minimum of two years of experience in care for older adults and active involvement in PHC. Additionally, older adults with a university education who had accessed PHC services in Iran at least three times were included. The expert panel was composed of multidisciplinary professionals who met similar criteria, ensuring a diverse and informed perspective. Findings: According to literature review results, 16 main domains and 28 sub-domains were identified. In the next step, through interviews, 7 main domains and 71 indicators were extracted. After summarizing the results of literature reviews, and interviews, and analyzing the results of the Delphi technique, the initial model with 7 main domains, including policymaking and planning processes related to older adults, principles of respect and interaction with older adults, education for older adults, principles of care and provision of services to older adults, access to PHC facilities, physical environment, specialized facilities and equipment, and human resources, was finalized along with the 60 indicators. Conclusion: The developed model for assessing progress of AFPHC Initiatives offers a comprehensive framework by focusing on key domains and indicators tailored to the needs of older adults. This model serves as a practical tool for assessing the progress of AFPHC, facilitating improvements in the quality and accessibility of PHC services for older adults.

Objectives: This systematic review (SR) highlights principles for nutrient clinical trials and explore the diverse physiological functions of vitamin D beyond its traditional role in the musculoskeletal system related to clinical study designs. Background: Thousands of published research articles have investigated the benefits of vitamin D (a nutrient example taken in this SR) beyond the musculoskeletal system, including the immune, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems; pregnancy; autoimmune disorders; and cancer. They illustrated vitamin D's molecular mechanisms, interactions, and genomic and nongenomic actions. Methods: This SR was designed to identify shortcomings in clinical study designs, statistical methods, and data interpretation that led to inconsistent findings in vitamin D-related publications. SR also highlights examples and insights into avoiding study design errors in future clinical studies, including randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The SR adheres to the latest PRISMA statement, guidelines, and the PICOS process. Results: Inappropriate or flawed study designs were frequent in clinical trials. Major failures discussed here include too short clinical study duration, inadequate or infrequent doses, insufficient statistical power, failure to measure baseline and achieved levels, and recruiting vitamin D-sufficient participants. These design errors have led to misleading interpretations. Thus, conclusions from such studies should not be generalized or used in guidelines, recommendations, or policymaking. Conclusion: Adequately powered epidemiological studies and RCTs with sufficient vitamin D and duration in individuals with vitamin D deficiency reported favorable clinical outcomes, enriching the literature, enabling to understand its physiology and mechanisms. Proper study designs with rigorous methodologies and cautious interpretation of outcomes are crucial in advancing the nutrient field. The principles discussed apply not only to vitamin D, but also other micro-nutrients and nutraceutical research. Adhering to them enhances the credibility and reliability of clinical trials, SRs, and meta-analysis outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of focused, hypothesis-driven, well-designed, statistically powered RCTs to explore the diverse benefits of nutrients, conducted in index nutrient deficient participants, and avoidance of study design errors. Findings from such studies should be incorporated into clinical practice, policymaking, and public health guidelines, improving the health of the nation and reducing healthcare costs.

Background: The study aimed to identify the obstacles that NGOs face in their participation in implementing HIV preventive interventions among adolescents with high-risk behaviors in Iran and to propose interventions to enhance their involvement. Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach in three phases to identify barriers and solutions to NGOs' participation in HIV preventive interventions. First, 56 semi-structured interviews, four focus group discussions (FGDs), and a document review were conducted with diverse stakeholders, using a purposive sampling strategy combining maximum variation sampling with a snowballing approach. Participants were sampled from relevant backgrounds in health policymaking, public participation, or communicable disease. Data from interviews and FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive content analysis. Second, a scoping review was performed, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A policy brief from the first two phases informed a one-day multi-stakeholder policy dialogue with 16 selected policy actors. This session was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through content analysis. Results: We identified various challenges faced by NGOs, including those related to the unique features of HIV services, such as difficulty in case finding and constant provision of preventive care. Severe challenges included weak NGOs' performance, insufficient capabilities, and insufficient support from the government, resulting in undesirable constructive collaboration. Tailored strategies were developed, such as the empowerment of NGOs, enhancing public health literacy, modifying the process of identifying eligible NGOs, clarifying key processes for NGOs' involvement, response to COVID-19, increasing adolescent engagement, advocating for removing the stigma from active NGOs, increasing support for active NGOs, organizing communication networks and collaboration, and strengthening governance arrangements. Conclusions: NGOs' participation in HIV prevention can facilitate the alignment of interventions with the specific needs of at-risk populations. However, there are obstacles to full NGOs' participation from both NGO and government perspectives, necessitating several measures to address these challenges. These measures are imperative for fostering constructive and sustained collaboration between NGOs and the government. The significance of this study lies in its emphasis on such collaboration, particularly in low-resource settings, which is crucial for nations committed to authentically realizing the goal of 'health for all, by all,' alongside genuine community participation. Trial registration: NA.

Objective: To apply an intersectional lens to explore how the interconnected social identities of women across global settings impact access experiences for gender-based violence (GBV) supports. Design: A scoping review. Data sources: We systematically searched seven databases to identify studies published in English from the database inception to January 2023. Inclusion criteria: We included peer-reviewed studies with a primary objective of examining the access experiences of populations who self-identify as women (aged 15 years or older) who have experienced GBV, have intersecting identities (ie, racialisation, poverty, etc) that can further contribute to marginalisation and utilised or sought support services. Methods: Two reviewers independently completed title/abstract, full-text screening and data charting. Integrating intersectionality theory and the McIntyre access framework, we analysed support service access and utilisation across social identities, axes of marginalisation and geographic contexts. Results: 210 papers (195 distinct studies) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (60%) were published since 2015 and used qualitative methods (63%). Findings reflected intersectional differences in women's experiences of accessing GBV services across contexts and lived experiences. Common findings indicate that seeking GBV support was motivated and enabled by informal supports and positive prior experiences in accessing services. However, findings highlight that structural and systemic constraints in existing support systems (in all study settings) impact access to necessary support services and their alignment with women's needs. Few studies examined health and non-health outcomes associated with unhindered access to care. Conclusions: Women's experiences with GBV support systems in different geopolitical contexts highlight barriers across axes of racialisation, poverty, multidimensional violence and other systemic factors, which are often eclipsed in generic one-size-fits-all models of support. This research can inform transformational policy development and tailored interventions to improve outcomes for all women who experience GBV and thus advance gender equality and equity goals.

Accreditation of health services is one of the criteria for achieving the predetermined standards for health organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic study was to investigate the primary health care (PHC) accreditation programs in the world and compile a summary of these programs in order to identify the areas and dimensions of these standards. This systematic review was conducted on online database studies, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using comprehensive terms. The inclusion criteria included all qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies published in any language from 1990 to December 2022. The studies were evaluated with Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools (JBI) critical appraisal tools checklist, and finally, the data were analyzed using the framework analysis method. The findings of 10 studies that were included in this study cover four main topics regarding the functions of the health system: stewardship, resource production, financing, and service delivery, as well as 10 sub-topics: policy making, interdepartmental leadership, monitoring and evaluation, human resources, equipment and medicine, information management, gathering of financial resources, capacity to provide services, access, and quality of services. In the accreditation of PHC, in addition to paying attention to performance indicators, indicators such as satisfaction and rights of clients and employees, access, information technology, coordination, integration of care, financing, and management of resources and equipment should also be considered.

Background: In Ireland the role of advanced nurse practitioner has developed significantly since 2001. This evolution is rooted in the growing recognition of the need for highly skilled nursing professionals to address complex healthcare demands and improve patient outcomes. Objective: To scope the landscape and identify the effect of advanced nurse practitioners on healthcare provision in Ireland. Design: A systematic search of eight academic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline and Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science) relevant to nursing and health care were performed. Settings: Nursing care environment. Participants: Advanced nurse practitioners delivering care. Methods: A pre-defined systematic search of eight academic databases was conducted, and two reviewers screened each study against the inclusion criteria. Additional hand-searching of the reference lists (backward chaining) and citations (forward chaining) of papers that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. The methodological details of each paper were extracted and assessed for quality and rigour utilising the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance checklist for appraising grey literature. Data were mapped and analysed onto the six domains of advanced nurse practitioner practice, and the review was reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: All papers included in this review spanned across the last 20 years. In total, 45 papers met the inclusion criteria: quantitative (n = 11), qualitative (n = 15), mixed methods (n = 4), and discussion/clinical cases (n = 15) papers. Advanced nurse practitioners in Ireland contribute substantial impacts on management and team competence, clinical-decision making, leadership and professional scholarship, professional values and conduct, communication and interpersonal competence, and knowledge and cognitive competence domains. Advanced nurse practitioners in Ireland enhance healthcare outcomes through expertise, coordination, and patient-centred approaches, emphasising their critical role in healthcare delivery and system improvements. Conclusions: We have highlighted the active role advanced nurse practitioners play in enhancing patient care, improving management and team coordination, and advancing professional scholarship. These insights have provided a foundation for future research and policy development to optimise the advanced nurse practitioner role.

Background: The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT; Google) and GPT (OpenAI), has introduced significant advancements in natural language processing. These models are increasingly integrated into various applications, including mental health support. However, the credibility of LLMs in providing reliable and explainable mental health information and support remains underexplored. Objective: This scoping review systematically maps the factors influencing the credibility of LLMs in mental health support, including reliability, explainability, and ethical considerations. The review is expected to offer critical insights for practitioners, researchers, and policy makers, guiding future research and policy development. These findings will contribute to the responsible integration of LLMs into mental health care, with a focus on maintaining ethical standards and user trust. Methods: This review follows PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Eligibility criteria include studies that apply transformer-based generative language models in mental health support, such as BERT and GPT. Sources include PsycINFO, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. A systematic search of studies from 2019 onward will be conducted and updated until October 2024. Data will be synthesized qualitatively. The Population, Concept, and Context framework will guide the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data, resolving discrepancies through discussion. Data will be synthesized and presented descriptively. Results: As of September 2024, this study is currently in progress, with the systematic search completed and the screening phase ongoing. We expect to complete data extraction by early November 2024 and synthesis by late November 2024. Conclusions: This scoping review will map the current evidence on the credibility of LLMs in mental health support. It will identify factors influencing the reliability, explainability, and ethical considerations of these models, providing insights for practitioners, researchers, policy makers, and users. These findings will fill a critical gap in the literature and inform future research, practice, and policy development, ensuring the responsible integration of LLMs in mental health services. International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/62865.

Background: Information exchange regarding the scope and content of health studies is becoming increasingly important. Digital methods, including study websites, can facilitate such an exchange. Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe how digital information exchange occurs between the public and researchers in health studies. Methods: This scoping review was prospectively registered and adheres to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Eligibility was defined using the population (public and researchers), concept (digital information exchange), and context (health studies) framework. Bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science), bibliographies of the included studies, and Google Scholar were searched up to February 2024. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals were screened for inclusion based on the title, abstract, and full text. Data items charted from studies included bibliographic and PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) characteristics. Data were processed into categories that inductively emerged from the data and were synthesized into main themes using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall, 4072 records were screened, and 18 studies published between 2010 and 2021 were included. All studies evaluated or assessed the preferences for digital information exchange. The target populations included the public (mainly adults with any or specific diseases), researchers, or both. The digital information exchange methods included websites, emails, forums, platforms, social media, and portals. Interactivity (ie, if digital information exchange is or should be active or passive) was addressed in half of the studies. Exchange content included health information or data with the aim to inform, recruit, link, or gather innovative research ideas from participants in health studies. We identified 7 facilitators and 9 barriers to digital information exchange. The main facilitators were the consideration of any stakeholder perspectives and needs to clarify expectations and responsibilities, the use of modern or low-cost communication technologies and public-oriented language, and continuous communication of the health study process. The main barriers were that information exchange was not planned or not feasible due to inadequate resources, highly complex technical language was used, and ethical concerns (eg, breach of anonymity if study participants are brought together) were raised. Evidence gaps indicate that new studies should assess the methods and the receiver (ie, public) preferences and needs that are required to deliver and facilitate interactive digital information exchange. Conclusions: Few studies addressing digital information exchange in health studies could be identified in this review. There was little focus on interactivity in such an exchange. Digital information exchange was associated with more barriers than facilitators, suggesting that more effort is required to improve such an exchange between the public and researchers. Future studies should investigate interactive digital methods and the receiver preferences and needs required for such an exchange.