Objective: The available evidence on selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was inconclusive. This research serves to assess the effects of selenium supplementation in the treatment of AIT. Methods: Online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 10 June 2022. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The information on the randomized controlled trials of the included studies was extracted and synthesized. The GRADE system was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: A total of 6 systematic reviews with 75 RCTs were included. Only one study was rated as high quality. The meta-analysis showed that in the levothyroxine (LT4)-treated population, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 months (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI: [-0.89, -0.17], p < 0.05, very low certainty) and 6 months (SMD = -1.95, 95% CI: [-3.17, -0.74], p < 0.05, very low certainty) and that thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) levels were not decreased. In the non-LT4-treated population, TPO-Ab levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 and 6 months and did not decrease at 12 months. Tg-Ab levels decreased significantly in the selenium group at 3 and 6 months and did not decrease at 12 months. The adverse effects reported in the selenium group were not significantly different from those in the control group, and the certainty of evidence was low. Conclusion: Although selenium supplementation might reduce TPO-Ab levels at 3 and 6 months and Tg-Ab levels at 3 and 6 months in the non-LT4-treated population, this was based on a low certainty of evidence.

CONTEXT: Smoking is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected smokers OBJECTIVE:: To assess the efficacy of behavioral interventions for smoking cessation among HIV-infected smokers compared to the standard care. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane, CINHAL, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials published in English. STUDY SELECTION: Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials with targeted behavioral interventions compared to standard of care (or enhanced standard of care) aimed at promoting abstinence in HIV-infected smokers. 17,384 articles were found, 17,371 were excluded. 13 full text articles were obtained and reviewed, and 8 met eligibility criteria (Kappa=0.94). DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcome was expired carbon monoxide (ECO)-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) rates. Adequate sequence generation and freedom from incomplete or selective outcome reporting was used to asses study quality. RESULTS: A total of 1822 subjects from eight studies yielded a statistically significant effect of behavioral interventions in increasing abstinence in HIV-infected smokers with a moderate effect size RR 1.51 (95% CI 1.17, 1.95). Those studies with interventions of eight sessions or more had a large effect size for abstinence RR 2.88 (95% CI: 1.89-4.61). When stratified by the number of sessions there was no heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted behavioral smoking cessation interventions are efficacious. Interventions consisting of eight sessions or more had the greatest treatment efficacy