Background Most women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth, whether it is natural tears or episiotomy. Objectives To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of different PFMT relevant strategies in the prevention of perineal trauma. Search strategy PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, WANFANG DATABASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for citations published in any language from inception to 1 July 2021. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PFMT relevant prevention strategies for preventing perineal trauma during childbirth. Data collection and analysis Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Relative treatment effects were estimated using network meta-analysis (NMA). Main results Of 12 632 citations searched, 21 RCTs were included. Comparing with usual care, "PFMT combine with perineal massage" and PFMT alone showed more superiority in intact perineum (RR = 5.37, 95% CI: 3.79 to 7.60, moderate certainty; RR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.34-4.97, moderate certainty, respectively), episiotomy (RR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.49, very low certainty; RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.90, very low certainty, respectively), and OASIS (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.78, moderate certainty; RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.85, high certainty, respectively). "PFMT combine with perineal massage" showed superiority in reducing perineal tear (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.85, moderate certainty). Conclusions In view of the results, antenatal "PFMT combine with perineal massage" and PFMT were effective strategies for the prevention of perineal trauma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the characteristics and effectiveness of technology-based interventions in improving children sleep. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched to identify research articles published until 11 August 2021. The protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021272348). Articles screening, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: In total, the search generated 4597 studies. Of these, 15 studies (8 RCTs, 1 non-randomized control study and 6 pre-post studies) met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated that technology-based interventions significantly increased the TST (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.37; P = 0.007) and SE (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.87; P = 0.003), and significantly decreased the SOL (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.47, -0.12; P = 0.001) and WASO (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI = -0.59, -0.07; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that technology-based interventions may be effective at improving children sleep due to the advantages of online intervention. Further researches are needed to establish which technology components are most effective in improving children sleep, as well as explore better methods for increasing consistency of participation and accuracy of outcome evaluation.