Background: Suicidality is common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) in TBI patients. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, WanFang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched for relevant literature from inception to 9th January 2021. Random effects models were used to estimate the prevalence of SI and SA. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the geographical location of the institutions. Results: A total of 16 studies involving 1,146,271 patients with TBI were included in our meta-analysis. The prevalence of SI and SA were 19.1% (95% CI 13.6-24.6%) and 2.1% (95% CI 1.8-2.4%), respectively, while the prevalence of SA in Asian and non-Asian countries were 2.0% (95% CI 0.3-3.7%) and 2.0% (95% CI 1.6-2.3%). Meta-regression analyses revealed that the publication year and age were positively associated, while the geographical location of the institution and sample size were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of SI. On the other hand, the geographical location of the institution, sample size and age were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of SA. Limitations: The overall heterogeneity between studies was high. Conclusion: SI and SA are common among TBI patients. Therefore, targeted preventive measures are paramount to manage TBI-related suicide.

Objective: To document the characteristics, measured outcomes, and effectiveness of physical activity (PA) interventions designed to improve health-related outcomes in individuals with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to assist in rehabilitation quality improvement efforts of a TBI rehabilitation program. Methods: A scoping review following a 6-step iterative framework search across 5 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss, and EMBASE) and the gray literature (Google) was performed. Selected PA interventions were designed for individuals of all ages and any mechanism of injury (eg, sports-related and falls). Data were charted, collated, and summarized according to the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template checklist and domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Involvement of clinical experts ensured tailoring of the knowledge synthesis to meet clinical needs. Results: Thirty-five articles and 14 gray literature records were retained. Five types of PA interventions were identified with the majority being multimodal. Reporting of PA intervention characteristics was highly variable across studies; many details necessary for intervention replication are missing. Study outcomes focused primarily on improving body functions and symptoms of mTBI, and less frequently on activities, participation, and health-related quality of life. The methodological quality of studies varies. Conclusions: Identified PA intervention types offer various management options for healthcare providers. PA interventions may improve a wide range of health-related outcomes supporting the inclusion of PA in the management of individuals of all ages with mTBI. Higher-quality research and better reporting about intervention characteristics is however needed.