Currently, enhancing the output power of rotational-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using various complicated systems is a contentious issue; however, this is a challenging process owing to the inherent characteristics of TENGs, namely, low output currents as opposed to high voltages. Thus, this study proposes a simple and innovative strategy for ultra-high output peak power generation of TENGs called a self-boosted rotational electrostatic-discharge TENG (SRE-TENG). The SRE-TENG mechanism is unique as it is based on charge control and boosted discharge design, thereby achieving a remarkable peak power of 1103.8 W, peak power density of 140.6 Kw m−2, low optimum resistance of 100 Ω, and broad peak power generation range of 10 Ω to 1 GΩ. Diligent measurements and analyses of the peak and root-mean-square voltage and current outputs of the SRE-TENG are conducted for various design variables and circuit configurations. The proposed SRE-TENG mechanism is validated using experimental and multiphysics simulation results. The high-output performance of the SRE-TENG is demonstrated via the lighting of 3,000 LEDs and a 60-W lamp array, continuous driving of a commercial sensor array, and hydrogen/oxygen generation via water electrolysis.