Environmental studies are at the heart of the discussion of contemporary science, with emphasis on Geography in order to explain how the elements of the landscape are related. The present study aims to perform a geoenvironmental analysis, aiming to characterize, map and analyze the geoenvironmental components of the Riacho da Barra sub-basin, a tributary of the Paraiba River, Northeast Brazil. To this end, the following methodological procedures were performed: Image acquisition and digital image processing and fieldwork to validate the mapping. The Barra da Barra sub-basin has an area of 29.5 km(2) and a hot and dry tropical climate. The geological base of the Granitoid-crystalline Complex has elevation levels, with little variation in altitude, with flat reliefs and U valleys and, above all, the low slope, reinforce the idea that the sub-basin is not conducive to erosion processes and consequently impacts on water bodies. The present study provides information about the area, as well as a database of geoenvironmental components. The existence of litholic Neosols, stony soils, typical of semi-arid regions, composed of coarse and shallow material, facilitates runoff and hinders the water retention process in the sub-basin, and, therefore, the flow of the river. The high temperatures in the region also influence the water balance of the sub-basin, since most of the water that reaches its bed is returned to the atmosphere through evaporation. Therefore, the role of geotechnologies in geoenvironmental studies is reinforced, especially in the semi-arid region of Brazil, aiming at spatial planning and management of water resources.