Sorghum is an important food crop in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The resilience of sorghum production to changes in climate can be improved via better understanding of physiological bases of abiotic stress tolerance or susceptibility. Among the various abiotic stresses that limits sorghum production, drought and high temperature (HT) are of foremost importance. Physiological mechanisms of drought resilience are (i) drought avoidance, (ii) drought escape, and (iii) drought tolerance. Primary effects of drought stress are cellular dehydration and increase in hydraulic resistance. The secondary effects include reduced cellular and metabolic activities, stomatal closure, and production of reactive oxygen species. The primary and secondary effects finally leads to wilting by loss of turgor. In sorghum, the most sensitive stage to drought is during the panicle development, flowering, and grain-filling stages. The traits like stay green, limited transpiration under high vapor pressure deficit, canopy temperature depression, and root architecture can be used to identify drought stress tolerant genotypes. High temperature stress during reproductive stage (sporogenesis and anthesis) is most sensitive stage in sorghum. In sorghum, HT causes decreases the CO2 assimilation by causing damage to thylakoid membrane, stomatal conductance, and rubisco activase enzyme activity. Apart from this, HT stress decreases pollen viability leading to decreased seed numbers per panicle. The decreased seed number is not compensated with increased individual seed mass. The traits like canopy temperature depression, favorable respiration, time of day of anthesis, pollen germination percentage, seed-set percentage and seed size were the traits that has significant in identification of HT stress tolerant sorghum genotypes in the breeding program.