Considering the increasing demand for pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], especially in India, breeders have realized the need to develop high-yielding, super-early maturing (<90 d) lines that could be planted in a wider range of latitudes and/or altitudes to enhance the crop adaptation and to diversify the legume-based cropping systems. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) initiated a breeding program in 2006 to develop "super-early" (flowering in <50 d) determinate (DT) and nondeterminate (NDT) pigeonpea lines. Eleven parental lines with days to 50% flowering ranging from 49 d (MN 5) to 103 d (ICP 6974) were crossed using a full diallel mating design. A pedigree-based approach was followed to select for early flowering. The selection gain was larger initially (reduction of 7 d) but there was less reduction (2 d) from F-3 to F-4. Determinate and NDT lines that flowered in 45 to 56 d at ICRISAT-Patancheru reached advanced (F-5 and F-6) generations. The newly developed lines flowered and matured at a higher latitudes (tested at 30 degrees N vs. 17 degrees N) and altitudes (tested at 1250, 545, and 247 m asl). These lines could be used in new cropping systems (i.e., pigeonpea-wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) that would allow expanding pigeonpea production to nontraditional planting areas (i.e., wider latitudes and higher altitudes) and could even offer wider planting time flexibility to farmers.