Soil erosion on sloping farmland in black soil regions remains severe, and multiple soil conservation measures have been applied. However, research on the temporal and spatial differences in soil physicochemical properties and soil erosion resistance with plant hedges and slope terraces is relatively limited. This study focuses on the effects of up- and downslope tillage (CK), plant hedges, and slope terraces on sloping farmland in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, on soil degradation. Soil samples were collected from the upper, middle, and lower hillslope positions at depths of 0-20 cm in the spring and fall of two consecutive years to monitor variations in soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and the soil erodibility factor (K). The results indicate that up- and downslope tillage accelerated soil degradation, as reflected in a significant decrease in SOM (of >30.71%) and an increase in K (of 2.36%). Plant hedges significantly controlled soil degradation by increasing 59.93% in SOM, 35.97% in TN and decreasing the K by 3.46% with the extension of time. Slope terraces also decreased soil degradation, although the effect was weaker than that of plant hedges. Additionally, obvious differences were observed in the control of soil degradation across hillslope positions for slope terraces over time; the SOM increased by 23.90% in the middle to lower hillslopes but decreased by 67.42% in the upper hillslope, and the K decreased by 0.71%. Therefore, plant hedges are suggested as effective soil conservation measures for controlling soil degradation on sloping farmland, whereas slope terraces should be combined with other measures, such as vegetation, to decrease soil degradation risk.