Centralized photovoltaic (PV) power generation in arid and semi - arid regions, as a crucial clean energy technology, has been extensively constructed and developed in many countries. Largescale PV power stations in arid and semi - arid areas can improve ecosystem conditions through shading and moisture retention, but demonstrate limited restoration efficacy in hyperarid zones, with potential adverse impacts emerging. An investigation of the impacts of PV deployment on arid and semi - arid ecosystems is crucial from the comprehensive perspectives of humidity, temperature, and dryness. This study focuses on PV power stations in China's Hexi Corridor New Energy Base, employing remote sensing data inversion and computation to analyze ecosystem changes before and after PV construction. The research aims to clarify the differential contributions and mechanisms between PV infrastructure development and climatic factors on ecosystem variations within PV deployment areas. Key findings reveal: No unified ecological improvement was observed post - PV construction across the study area, with ecosystem degradation detected in PV deployment zones of three major regions. Persistent thermal anomalies occurred, as temperatures within all PV station areas consistently exceeded those of adjacent non - PV zones. The single influence intensity of PV location factors on Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) changes is measured as 0.675. In arid and semi-arid regions, the highest combined impact power (0.816) on RSEI was attributed to the expansion of PV and geographical location. The ecological restoration effects of PV power station construction in arid and semi - arid regions are not universally observed, and heat island effects may be induced within deployment zones during the summer period.