Cumin is an important spice crop with various medicinal properties. It is a potential source of bioactive compounds with antidiabetic and anticancer activity. It is predominately grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Cumin is one of the most widely used herbal drugs in the Indian (Ayurveda) system of medicine. Therefore, high-yielding, disease-resistant cumin genotypes with better-quality attributes are in demand today. The lack of advanced technologies for the production of desirable genotypes is one of the major constraints in the cumin improvement program, which can be achieved by adopting modern integrated breeding technologies. Although many conventional and biotechnological approaches are being used regularly to develop an improved variety of cumin, less effort has been made in the use of integrated breeding techniques. This paper deals with the comprehensive botanical aspects, genetic resources, and the biotechnological approach to improve traits of cumin. Review underline research attempts made in cumin in various aspects including collection, conservation of genetic resources, mutation breeding, selection breeding, tissue culture, molecular markers, genetic transformation, and gene editing. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze holistic strategy for cumin improvement and enhance the production. Future research preventatives in this direction are also suggested.