2025-10-13 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025 15(卷), 1(期), (null页)
Photovoltaic panels are considered a vital sustainable source of electrical energy; however, their efficiency tends to decline as a result of increasing temperature. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel evaporative cooling and groundwater-based system designed to simultaneously cool both the air and photovoltaic panels in hot, dry climates. Experimental results from the developed prototype indicate a clear enhancement in energy generation compared to conventional photovoltaic and evaporative cooling systems. Statistically, the evaporative cooling system reduced the average panel temperature by 15 degrees C, resulting in an 8.4% increase in photovoltaic efficiency, while maintaining air conditions of 32.6 degrees C and 62% relative humidity. Furthermore, the groundwater-to-air heat exchanger reduced the panel temperature by 22.8 degrees C, leading to a 12.7% increase in efficiency, and lowered the air temperature from 43.5 to 26.3 degrees C at 55% relative humidity. These results highlight the potential of integrated cooling systems to significantly improve the performance of photovoltaic panels in arid regions.