Holocene climate change patterns remain unclear, particularly in semiarid regions. To address the debate over whether the Early or Middle Holocene represented the climatic optimum, it is essential to understand long-term vegetation dynamics and climate processes. In this work, by sampling a coastal section near Angulinur Lak. The sedimentary sequence of Angulinur Lake reveals four stages based on vegetation and climate reconstructions. The first stage (13718-11,139 cal. yr BP) was characterized by a desert steppe ecosystem dominated by Artemisia, Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae, the climate was cold-dry. The second stage (11139-8407 cal. yr BP) exhibited a transition to sparse forest-steppe vegetation, with Artemisia, Betula, and Ulmus as dominant taxa, the climate was cold-wet. The third stage (8407-4256 cal. yr BP) was characterized by a broad-leaved forest steppe dominated by Betula and Ulmus, the climate was warm-wet. The fourth stage (4256-2827 cal. yr BP) was marked by sparse forest-steppe dominated by Chenopodiaceae, Betula, and Ulmus, the climate was warm-dry. Pollen records reflect major climatic events, including the Younger Dryas (YD) and ca 8200 cal. yr BP event. Vegetation changes were driven by shifts in temperature and precipitation, while climate variability was closely linked to fluctuations in summer and winter monsoon intensity, modulated by multiple factors. The reconstruction supports the view that the Middle Holocene represented the Holocene Optimum. These findings enhance our understanding of Holocene climate dynamics in semiarid regions and offer insights for predicting future vegetation responses to climate change.