The production of vegetables in organic systems with spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, such as the roostertree (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R. Br.), is an alternative cultivation practice that ensures environmental sustainability without harming the health of producers and consumers. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize the physical and economic efficiencies of coriander in monocropping, influenced by varying amounts of roostertree biomass in two cultivations. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of the following amounts of roostertree biomass (20, 38, 56, 74 and 92 t ha(-1) on a dry basis). In each block, a treatment with coriander without fertilization (absolute control) was added for comparison with the roostertree treatment of maximum agroeconomic efficiency. The coriander cultivar "Verdao" was fertilized for maximum production efficiency using 67.29 t ha(-1) of dry biomass of C. procera, yielding 4.73 t ha(-1). The maximum economic efficiency of coriander in terms of net income was BRL 23,430.82 ha(-1), achieved with 60.78 t ha(-1) of dry biomass of C. procera. The rate of return was BRL 1.89 for each real invested, with a profit margin of 48.44% in the added amounts of green manure of 55.09 and 59.75 t ha(-1), respectively. Therefore, using C. procera biomass as green manure is a viable technology for coriander producers in semiarid regions.