Cear & aacute; State (Northeast Brazil) was recently affected by a severe multi-year drought (2012-2018) that had drastic societal consequences. The agricultural sector was particularly impacted and agricultural trajectories have evolved accordingly. The dairy sector has been strongly consolidated among family farmers, as seeming to offer greater resilience to drought than irrigated crops. However, the consequences of these important agricultural dynamics on natural resource management, and particularly water, have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to explore how agricultural trajectories have been transformed and how this has affected the sustainability of water, land, and forest resource management. It then suggests a territorial governance organization to discuss related issues and collectively try to solve them. This study emphasizes two main agricultural transformations: (i) the increase in mechanized permanent cropping systems substituting the traditional shifting agriculture system with forest fallow rotation, and (ii) increased fodder production through 'passive irrigation' in lowlands and infiltration areas around dams. These processes support a strong dynamic of individual small dam building. The main issues of these transformations in terms of natural resource management concern soil health in a regional context of high vulnerability to desertification, and the strong mobilization of water in lowlands and small individual dams. Since these dams are located upstream of the State's strategic dams, they weaken its water security and open the challenge of finding trade-offs between upstream-downstream regions, macro-micro water infrastructures and agricultural development-water supply. To contribute to meeting this challenge, three participatory governance platforms articulated from the State to the local territories are being tested in an attempt to negotiate collective trade-offs on the use of natural resources, decompartmentalize public action targeting rural territories, and promote a bottom-up approach to territorial development. L'& eacute;tat du Cear & aacute; (nord-est du Br & eacute;sil) a r & eacute;cemment & eacute;t & eacute; touch & eacute; par une grave s & eacute;cheresse pluriannuelle (2012-2018) aux cons & eacute;quences drastiques pour la soci & eacute;t & eacute;. Le secteur agricole a & eacute;t & eacute; particuli & egrave;rement affect & eacute; et les trajectoires agricoles ont & eacute;volu & eacute; en cons & eacute;quence. La fili & egrave;re lait s'est fortement consolid & eacute;e aupr & egrave;s des agriculteurs familiaux, car semblant offrir une r & eacute;silience & agrave; la s & egrave;cheresse plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e que les cultures irrigu & eacute;es. Cependant, les cons & eacute;quences de ces dynamiques agricoles sur la gestion des ressources naturelles, et particuli & egrave;rement l'eau, ont & eacute;t & eacute; peu & eacute;tudi & eacute;es. Cet article vise & agrave; explorer comment les trajectoires agricoles ont & eacute;t & eacute; transform & eacute;es et comment cela a affect & eacute; la durabilit & eacute; de la gestion des ressources en eau, en sol et en for & ecirc;t. Puis, il relate une exp & eacute;rimentation de gouvernance territoriale visant & agrave; r & eacute;soudre collectivement les probl & eacute;matiques identifi & eacute;es. Cet article souligne deux changements majeurs : i) l'essor des syst & egrave;mes de culture permanente m & eacute;canis & eacute;s rempla & ccedil;ant le syst & egrave;me traditionnel d'agriculture itin & eacute;rante en rotation avec une jach & egrave;re foresti & egrave;re, et ii) l'augmentation de la production de fourrage par << irrigation passive >> dans les bas-fonds et les zones d'infiltration autour des barrages. Ces processus soutiennent une forte dynamique individuelle de construction de petits barrages. Les principaux enjeux de ces changements en termes de gestion des ressources naturelles concernent la sant & eacute; des sols, dans un contexte r & eacute;gional de vuln & eacute;rabilit & eacute; & agrave; la d & eacute;sertification, et une forte mobilisation des ressources en eau dans les bas-fonds et dans des barrages individuels. Ces barrages & eacute;tant situ & eacute;s en amont des barrages strat & eacute;giques de l'Etat, ils fragilisent sa s & eacute;curit & eacute; hydrique et ouvrent le d & eacute;fi de trouver des arbitrages entre amont-aval, infrastructures hydriques macro-micro et d & eacute;veloppement agricole-approvisionnement en eau. Pour y contribuer, trois plateformes de gouvernance participative, articul & eacute;es de l'& Eacute;tat aux territoires locaux, sont test & eacute;es pour tenter de n & eacute;gocier des compromis collectifs sur l'usage des ressources naturelles, d & eacute;cloisonner l'action publique ciblant les territoires ruraux, et promouvoir une approche plus ascendante du d & eacute;veloppement territorial.