Understanding the effects of abandoned coal mine ecological restoration on soil quality and function is important to protect the regional ecological environment. This study aims to evaluate the ecological restoration effects of soil quality in abandoned coal mine area. Taking Fengcheng County, a typical coal-rich area in southern China, as a case, this study took 120 soil samples to investigate the influence of restoration years on soil quality by using an integrated soil quality index (SQI). Results indicated that restoration years had significant effects on the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by affecting the soil bulk density, clay content, and soil water content. Furthermore, clay, soil organic matter, Ks, and pH were selected to assess the effect of ecological restoration years on soil quality. It was found that the ecological restoration 8 years (ER8) site had higher SQI value, indicating ecological restoration years showed a positive correlation with SQI in abandoned coal mine area. Since there was a 4-year gap between ecological restoration 4 years site and ER8 site, the ecological restoration may be effective between 5 and 8 years. The results of this study are of great significance for improving the effects of ecological restoration and management in abandoned coal mine area. Soil quality index (SQI) of different ecological restoration years was valued, and ecological restoration in the abandoned coal mine was helpful to improve soil quality. Soil organic matter (SOM), clay content, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and pH were representative indicators for calculating soil quality index (SQI). SQI was significantly improved with the increase of ecological restoration years. SQI was an effective tool to assess the ecological restoration management practices. Many coal mines closed as they reach the end of their viability or in response to the policy, which results in the increase of abandoned coal mines. Understanding the effects of abandoned coal mine ecological restoration on soil nutrient condition is vital for environmental protection. In this study, an integrated soil quality index (SQI) was used to evaluate the effect of restoration years on soil quality. Clay, soil organic matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and pH were representative indicators for calculating SQI. SQI was significantly improved with ecological restoration years in abandoned coal mine area. The results of this study are of great significance for improving the effects of ecological restoration and management in abandoned coal mine area.