Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is considered an important cereal crop worldwide, ensuring food security following the green revolution. This results of this study revealed an elevation of 10.6% in the root weight density and 15.0% in the root volume density during the flowering stage. The highly significant values for the root weight density, root length density, and root bulk density were recorded after the application of 180 kg hectare (ha)-1 of nitrogen (N) at both the flowering and maturity stages. Moreover, delayed senescence and an increase in the photosynthetic rate were observed at the middle and late stages of flowering, enhancing light energy interception and improvement in its utilization. Cultivar Yunhan-20410 exhibited a significant increase of 11.1% in the leaf area index at the flowering stage compared to Yunhan-618, which displayed an increase of 7.1%. The photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching of the flag leaves were recorded 25-30 days postanthesis, and an increase of 9.6%-11.1% was found in the light energy utilization efficiency. The expression levels of genes TaTZF1, TaNCY1, TaNCY3, and TaAKaGall in the flag leaves of the wheat were significantly upregulated in Yunhan-20410 after the N treatment compared to the control. These findings suggested that high yield and quality can be achieved with a N application of 180 kg ha-1. The following recommendation can be shared with the farming community to improve resource efficiency and crop production.