Meeting the health needs of refugee populations and increasing access to healthcare remains a challenge for healthcare systems globally. As such, community health and patient engagement are increasingly recommended strategies to address health-related issues among refugees. This systematic review aims to identify the reported barriers that adult refugees encounter with community health and patient engagement. Data sources included MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Core Collection (Web of Science), yielding 1156 records. After removing duplicates and two levels of screening, 18 studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The barriers were conceptualised as cultural norms, pre-departure history, education, language proficiency, stigma, racism, social support, and multi-factorial barriers. These barriers can be addressed to improve rapport with refugees and the quality of community health and patient engagement initiatives.