Business research has generated an incomplete understanding of how the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational workplace deviance varies across contexts. In this study, I explain that inconsistent results likely exist across study contexts due to country-level differences in cultural values that alter the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance. I use social exchange theory to explain why interpersonal and organizational deviance are distinct. Then, I use institutional anomie theory to explain that country-level social institutions alter the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance. Finally, I aggregate findings from 133 independent samples of primary data (k = 133, N = 34,746) so I can use meta-analysis to examine cultural values as moderators of this relationship. My findings demonstrate that cultural values provide a powerful explanation for how the strength of the relationship between interpersonal and organizational deviance differs so substantially across contexts.