Highlights • This paper compares the terminology and evaluation approaches between Epidemiologists and Development Economists. • The paper takes six substantive issues where there are commonly understood concepts across the two disciplines, but where language differs and reflect on the scope for harmonizing the design, methods, and reporting practices. • Illustrative examples demonstrating the two different approaches, are provided of evaluations of interventions of relevance to Low- and Middle-Income Countries. • The paper supports future cross-discipline learning for more effective generalization and for the transferability of knowledge from evaluations carried out by multiple disciplines, not exclusively those conducted by economists and epidemiologists.