The article compared utilisation of comprehensive (primarily consultations) and safety-net (primarily hospitalisation) services, COVID-19 case rates, and mortality between Colombian citizens and Venezuelan migrants in Colombia across 60 municipalities. The study finds contrasting patterns between comprehensive and safety net services, suggesting that the complementary systems behaved independently. Colombians used vastly more comprehensive services than Venezuelans, while for safety-net services the gap in utilisation was smaller and narrowed. Additional policy changes are recommended to further integrate Venezuelans into the Colombian health care system. This research was supported by the Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises (R2HC) Programme.

Mozambique has one of the worst road safety records in Africa, and in the world. The country suffers 30.1 deaths per 100,000 population. In absolute numbers, it is estimated that each year between 7,000 and 10,000 people in the country die on Mozambique’s roads. The government of Mozambique realizes the dire need to reverse the country’s road safety trends and requested the World Bank’s support in conducting a diagnostic assessment of road safety in the country to improve its road safety record. The assessment reviewed road safety performance in Mozambique based on the UN Pillars for Road Safety. The report identified several “quick win” strategies by which Mozambique should be able to make improvements in safety, saving many lives and reducing the number of debilitating injuries and the economic costs, as well as enhancing safety culture by taking highly visible actions to improve safety. Such quick wins, however, are not enough to enable a change in the country’s current trajectory of road crash related fatalities and injuries. The report identified a comprehensive and equally important list of policy, regulatory, institutional, and investment measures needed in the short, and medium term. This output is part of the World Bank Global Road Safety Facility programme

This study identified and mapped worldwide surveillance actions and initiatives of drinking water quality implemented by government agencies and public health services. The scoping review was conducted between July 2021 and August 2022 based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method. The search was performed in relevant databases and gray literature; 49 studies were retrieved. Quantitative variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies, while qualitative variables were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. The actions developed worldwide and their impacts and results generated four thematic classes: (1) assessment of coverage, accessibility, quantity, and drinking water quality in routine and emergency situations; (2) analysis of physical-chemical and microbiological parameters in public supply networks or alternative water supply solutions; (3) identification of household water contamination, communication, and education with the community; (4) and investigation of water-borne disease outbreaks. Preliminary results were shared with stakeholders to favor knowledge dissemination.

Background: Post-extubation and neurologic complications in COVID-19 patients have been shown to cause oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). We performed the first meta-analysis to explore and estimate the pooled prevalence of OD, risk of mortality, and associated factors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, WHO COVID-19 database, and Web of Science for literature on dysphagia in COVID-19 patients. We used the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to determine the prevalence estimates of OD in the R software and the DerSimonian-Lard random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to explore the risk of mortality and associated factors of OD, presented as odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used Cochran's Q, τ2, and the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity and conducted a moderator analysis to identify moderator variables. Results: We included eighteen studies with a total of 2055 participants from the 910 studies retrieved from electronic databases. The prevalence of OD among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was estimated at 35% (95% CI = 21-52; low certainty of evidence) associated with a high risk of mortality (OR = 6.41; 95% CI = 1.48-27.7; moderate certainty of evidence). Intubation (OR = 16.3; 95% CI = 7.10-37.3; high certainty of evidence), use of tracheostomies (OR = 8.09; 95% CI = 3.05-21.5; high certainty of evidence), and proning (OR = 4.97; 95% CI = 1.34-18.5; high certainty of evidence) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients were highly associated with developing OD. The prevalence of OD was higher among hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were admitted in intensive care units (ICU), intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Conclusions: The prevalence of OD among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is estimated at 35% associated with a high risk of mortality. OD assessment among hospitalized COVID-19 patients who are managed in an ICU, prone position, intubated, and mechanical ventilated deserves more attention. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022337597.

This study evaluated community health volunteer (CHV) strategies to prevent non-communicable disease (NCD) care disruption and promote the detection of COVID-19 among Syrian refugees and vulnerable Jordanians, as the pandemic started. The study found during multiple crises, a rapidly adapted community health strategy provided cost-effective prevention of NCD care disruption and reinforced COVID-19 detection. The CHV strategy was found to be cost-efficient, offering an opportunity to expand how CHVs support primary health care and bridge access to healthcare and knowledge for refugees. However it cannot alone address structural barriers, namely the lack of referral options, and funding for secondary care. This research was supported by the Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises (R2HC) Programme.

目的 系统评价非药物干预减少孕产妇分娩恐惧的效果。方法 计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP和CBM数据库，搜集非药物干预减少孕产妇分娩恐惧的随机对照试验（RCT），检索时限均为建库至2021年12月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 共纳入19个RCT，包括3 409例患者，涉及10种非药物干预方法（产前教育、情景模拟健康教育、心理指导、瑜伽训练、催眠、移动学习教育、认知行为疗法、身体放松指导、呼吸指导和常规护理）。网状Meta分析最佳概率排序结果显示，在Wijma分娩期待问卷（W-DEQ-A）评分方面：产前教育>瑜伽训练>认知行为疗法>情景模拟健康教育>心理指导>身体放松指导>常规护理；在Wijma分娩体验问卷（W-DEQ-B）评分方面：移动学习教育>产前教育>情景模拟健康教育>认知行为疗法>呼吸指导>催眠>心理指...

Should policymakers in developing countries prioritize foreign technology adoption over domestic innovation? How might this depend on development stages? Using historical technology transfer data from South Korea, the authors find greater productivity gaps with foreign firms correlate with larger productivity growth after adoption, despite lower fees. Furthermore, non-adopters increased patent citations to foreign sellers, suggesting knowledge spill overs. Motivated by these, the authors build a two country growth model with innovation and adoption. As the gaps narrow, productivity gains and spill overs from adoption diminish and foreign sellers strategically raise fees due to intensified competition, making adoption subsidies less effective. Korea’s shift from adoption to innovation subsidies substantially contributed to growth and welfare. They also explore the optimal policy and its interaction with import tariffs. This is an output of the Structural Transformation and Economic Growth (STEG) programme.

A set of 19 two-page factsheets summarizing of the information contained in the 2020 UNEP Assessment Report on Issues of Concern: Chemicals and Waste Issues Posing Risks to Human Health and the Environment and the 2019 Global Chemicals Outlook II (GCO-II). The Assessment Report on Issues of Concern aims to inform the international community about the current situation of specific issues of concern, based on a review of published evidence, intended to support further discussion at UNEA5 and other international forums working towards sound management of chemicals and waste. The report assesses the eight emerging policy issues and other issues of concern identified under the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) and 11 issues with emerging evidence of risks identified by GCO-II. A two-page summary has been created for each of the 19 issues of concern and grouped into 5 thematic clusters. GCO-II: Arsenic, Cadmium, Glyphosate, Lead, Microplastics, Neonicotinoids, Organotins, Phthalates, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Triclosan and Bisphenol A. SAICM: Chemicals in products, Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), Environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPP), Hazardous substances in the life cycle of electrical and electronic products (HSLEEP), Highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs), Lead in paint, Nanotechnology and Manufactured Nanomaterials and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the transition to safer alternative.

Discover a summary of the latest information on the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET)'s activities and publications in Volume 30 of the EANET Newsletter.

Conclusions Unimodal and multimodal interventions and interventions that involve workplace contact or coordination activities towards the workplace may have a positive effect on return to work in the short time perspective (up to 12 months) for persons on sick leave for mental or musculoskeletal disorders. The certainty of the evidence was assessed to be low. It was not possible to estimate the size of the effect. It was not possible to determine the effect on return to work for interventions targeting health care professionals or health care organizations. The certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low. It was not possible to determine intervention effects on return to work in the long-time perspective for any type of intervention. The certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low. It was not possible to determine the effect of interventions on participants’ health or function for any type of intervention. The certainty of the evidence was assessed to be very low. It was not possible to determine the effect on return to work, health or functioning for persons on sick leave for breast cancer diagnosis. There were no studies investigating return to work interventions for patients on sick leave for post covid or bipolar disorder. Background Persons on long term sick leave (defined as longer than 3 months) may benefit from interventions facilitating return to work. Aim The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate effects of interventions that may be initiated within the health care system. The primary outcome of interest was return to work. Secondary outcomes included intervention's effects on health and functioning. The aim was also to examine the cost-effectiveness of the evaluated interventions, highlight ethical aspects and identify scientific evidence gaps to guide future research. Method A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The protocol is registered in Prospero (CRD42022315330). The certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE framework. Studies considered for inclusion were targeting populations on sick leave due to the most common diagnoses for long term sick leave based on Swedish statistics. All types of interventions were considered and were characterized as unimodal (one treatment), multimodal (several treatment modalities), intervention including workplace contact or workplace coordination, and interventions aiming at health care personnel /organizations. Results were summarized for short time (≤12 months) and long-time (>12 months) effects on return to work. Effects on health and/or function were assessed regardless of follow-up time. Effects on costs and cost effectiveness were assessed based on results in included studies. Ethical analysis was performed by the project group, which included an academic scholar in ethics. The method was mainly based on discussion, aimed at identifying conflicts of interest between different agents involved, and potential ethical dilemmas. Inclusion criteria: Population Persons on sick leave for a condition that is common when on long term sick leave according to Swedish statistics. Intervention Any intervention that could be initiated within health care practice with the overall aim of facilitating return to work. Interventions could be unimodal or multimodal. Furthermore, it could be collaborative with other organisations, such as employer, occupational health care, or social insurance agency. Control Any control, which could be no treatment, treatment as usual, wait list or other active treatment. Outcome Primary: measures of sick leave, work participation and/or return to work. Secondary: measures on health and or functioning. Health economic outcomes: effects on cost and cost effectiveness Study design Randomized controlled studies, including cluster randomized studies. Other criteria At least 6 months follow-up. We performed risk of bias assessments and included studies with low or moderate risk of bias in the analysis. Due to extensive heterogeneity, we performed a synthesis without meta-analysis investigating effects for each intervention category (unimodal, multimodal, workplace contact or coordination, and interventions targeting heath care staff) and study populations on sick leave for mental disorder, musculoskeletal disorders, or both. Language: English, Swedish, Norwegian or Danish. Search period: From 2000 to 2022. Final search May, 2022. Databases searched: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO (EBSCO) and Medline. Client/patient involvement: No Results We included 95 articles based on 68 unique studies. A total of 40 000 persons were evaluated for the return-to-work outcome. We included 10 studies that evaluated effects on costs and cost effectiveness. Most of the studies included did not report significant findings on return to work. We found low certainty evidence that unimodal, multimodal and workplace/coordination interventions may improve return to work. Table 1 Summarized results of interventions having positive effects for populations with mental or musculoskeletal disorders as compared to treatment as usual. RTW = return to work; short = short period, 12 months or shorter; long = long period, longer than 12 months; HoF = Health or functioning. ⊕◯◯◯ = very low certainty, the effect is uncleart; ⊕⊕◯◯ = low certainty, the intervention may have a positive effect; Green colour = Positiv effect of the intervention; Orange colour = Unclear effect of the intervention Population Mental or muskuloskeletal disorder Mental disorder Muskuloskeletal disorder Outcome RTW short RTW long HoF RTW short RTW long HoF RTW short RTW long HoF Type of intervention Unimodal intervention ⊕⊕◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕⊕◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ Multimodal intervention ⊕⊕◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕⊕◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ Coordination/ Workplace intervention ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕⊕◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ Interventions targeting health care personnel ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ ⊕◯◯◯ Health Economic Assessment Ten studies evaluating intervention effects on costs or cost effectiveness were included. It was not possible to assess overall effects based on categories of intervention types, due to the low number of studies in each category. It was concluded that also a small positive effect on return to work (> 5 days relative reduction in one year per person), would result in positive effects on a societal level. Ethics The practice of sick leave and return to work is a complex ethical situation where patients may be vulnerable in terms of reduced autonomy and integrity. Discussion Despite lots of well conducted research, few studies presented robust support of the relative effectiveness of the investigated intervention. Our results are in line with other systematic reviews in the area. We advise that well conducted research studies with positive findings is replicated in future research. There is a need present outcomes and results in a way that makes it possible to perform meta analyses. Conflicts of Interest In accordance with SBU’s requirements, the experts and scientific reviewers participating in this project have submitted statements about conflicts of interest. These documents are available at SBU’s secretariat. SBU has determined that the conditions described in the submissions are compatible with SBU’s requirements for objectivity and impartiality. The full report in Swedish The full report in Swedish, Insatser i vården vid långtidssjukskrivning

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目的 ：对慢性心衰患者移动健康管理的相关研究进行范围综述。方法 ：按照Arksey和O’Malley的范围综述报告框架，在12个数据库或网站中进行系统文献检索，检索时限为建库至2021年11月30日。结果 ：共纳入84篇文献，来自20个国家，大多数为干预性研究。慢性心衰移动健康管理依托的载体主要包括远程监测系统、应用程序、专业网站、社交平台等，可对患者进行病情监测、健康教育、社会支持和自我管理随访与提醒。研究大多关注患者的临床结局、生活质量、健康状况、自我管理情况、资源成本和患者体验等。结论 ：移动健康管理已被广泛用于慢性心衰患者的疾病管理中，内容丰富、评价指标多元。今后的研究需要更多关注医护人员与患者间的有效互动，加强对于心理健康的管理，更加关注对于依托载体以及管理措施的资源成本、可行性、可持续性评价，开发功能多样化的临床决策支持系统。

目的 对密室逃脱教学法在护理教育中应用的研究进行范围审查，以识别密室逃脱教学法的要素及应用现状，为相关实践及研究提供参考。方法 以JBI范围综述指南为方法学框架，检索PubMed、MEDLINE、CINAHL、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库中相关研究。检索时限为建库至2022年1月31日。对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。结果 纳入32篇文献，密室逃脱教学法实施的步骤包括明确问题、制定教学目标、收集必要信息、设计密室逃脱游戏、游戏前准备、游戏排练、实施游戏、游戏结果反馈。密室逃脱教学法应用情景广泛，评价指标主要为学生成绩、学生综合素质、学生心理健康、学科发展等。结论 密室逃脱教学法在护理领域的运用取得了较好的教学效果，且护理与其他学科的多学科密室逃脱教学也广泛受到师生的好评。未来需结合不同教学对象、不同学科设计实用性、针对性强的密室逃脱教学法。

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) below or above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Few studies have examined the effect of prenatal nutrient supplementations on GWG in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of multiple micronutrient supplements (MMSs) and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) on GWG in LMICs. Methods: A 2-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data was conducted to examine the effects of MMSs (45,507 women from 14 trials) and small-quantity LNSs (6237 women from 4 trials) on GWG compared with iron and folic acid supplements only. Percentage adequacy of GWG and total weight gain at delivery were calculated according to the IOM 2009 guidelines. Binary outcomes included severely inadequate (percentage adequacy 125%) GWG. Results from individual trials were pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance models. Heterogeneity was examined using I2, stratified analysis, and meta-regression. Results: MMSs resulted in a greater percentage adequacy of GWG [weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.86%; 95% CI: 0.28%, 1.44%; P < 0.01] and higher GWG at delivery (WMD: 209 g; 95% CI: 139, 280 g; P < 0.01) than among those in the control arm. Women who received MMSs had a 2.9% reduced risk of severely inadequate GWG (RR: 0.971; 95% CI: 0.956, 0.987; P < 0.01). No association was found between small-quantity LNSs and GWG percentage adequacy (WMD: 1.51%; 95% CI: -0.38%, 3.40%; P = 0.21). Neither MMSs nor small-quantity LNSs were associated with excessive GWG. Conclusions: Maternal MMSs were associated with greater GWG percentage adequacy and total GWG at delivery than was iron and folic acid only. This finding is consistent with previous results on birth outcomes and will inform policy development and local recommendations of switching routine prenatal iron and folic acid supplements to MMSs.

Conclusions Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) provides a medium-sized1 decrease in depression symptoms both immediately after the treatment and up to six months after treatment, compared to usual care (moderate certainty of evidence). Interpersonal therapy (IPT) provides a large decrease in depression symptoms immediately after the treatment, compared to usual care (low certainty of evidence). Supportive counselling provides a decrease in depression symptoms up to six months after the treatment, compared to usual care (low certainty of evidence). 1. In the report's conclusions on treatment effects, Cohen's d is used as the size of the treatment effect. Effects of 0.20–0.50 are assessed as small, 0.50–0.80 as medium and effects greater than 0.80 as large. The certainty of the conclusions is assessed with GRADE. It is the magnitude of the effects that is assessed with GRADE. Background A depression episode that occurs in a parent within the first few months after the baby has been born is defined as a postpartum depression (PPD). Common symptoms of PPD include depression, difficulty sleeping, anxiety and feelings of guilt. About 13% of women suffer from some degree of depression symptoms in the first months after childbirth, which is slightly higher than during other periods of life. In healthcare various types of interventions are offered, mainly psychological and pharmacological treatments2. In the Swedish model for PPD care, the intervention is often given in the form of person-centered supportive counselling as a first step3, with the opportunity to refer further if necessary for in-depth assessment and other treatments such as psychotherapy. This can be given based on different treatment models such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT), and in different formats such as group therapy or individually, given at the clinic or via the internet. In the National Board of Health and Welfare's treatment guidelines, CBT and IPT are primarily recommended as psychological treatments for mild to moderate depression. Research shows that women with PPD prefer psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions to, for example, pharmacological treatment. 2. An overview of the overview of the state of research on antidepressant treatment for PPD was published as a SBU Comments. 3. Women are first screened using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and accompanying interview. Aim The purpose of this report was to evaluate the scientific support for professionally given psychological treatments and psychosocial interventions given to women with PPD, and to investigate what lived experiences women have of such treatments and interventions. The report also includes an analysis of health economic aspects and an ethical discussion of the review's results. The methodology and findings of the qualitative meta-synthesis will be published separately in a scientific journal. Method We conducted a systematic review and reported it in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The protocol is registered in Prospero (CRD42022313215). The certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Inclusion criteria Population Women (adults) with depression during postpartum period (up to 12 months after birth). Depression must be diagnosed with a clinical interview or exceed the clinical threshold on a validated depression instrument. Intervention Any psychological or psychosocial intervention given in primary health care to treat depressive symptoms. Control Treatment as usual or other active treatment, waiting list or no treatment. Pharmacological treatments were excluded. Outcome Degree of depression symptoms measured with validated depression instruments. For health economic analyses, we also included the outcomes health related quality of life (as measured with EQ-5D or SF-6D). Study design Prospective clinical trials with a control group, with or without randomisation. Language English, Norwegian, Danish or Swedish. Search period From 1995 to 2022. Final search August 2022. Databases searched CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus. Patient involvement No. Results We included 29 studies concerning the effects of depression treatments, conducted in eleven countries, and two studies on health economic aspects. Most of the studies included in the assessment examined the effects of CBT (15 studies). Other forms of treatment included are IPT (6 studies), supportive counselling (4 studies), interventions to promote parental responsiveness and child development (3 studies) and a specific form of group therapy with elements of, among other things, CBT (1 study). The comparisons were mainly against usual care. The study populations in the efficacy studies consisted of women with varying degrees of depression symptoms. No adverse effects were reported in the included studies. The table presents summarized results for each intervention. Table 1 Summary of findings for treatment effects. CBT = Cognitive behavioural therapy; CI = Confidence interval; IPT = Interpersonal therapy; NNT = Number needed to treat, which has been converted from the mean difference, and indicates the number of individuals who need to be treated to observe a favorable treatment outcome with decrease in depression symptoms. The lower the NNT, the stronger the treatment effect. * The treatment was a group therapy with elements of psychoeducation, stress-reducing techniques, cognitive restructuring, and social support. ** NNT was not calculated for non-significant results. Treatment Time of outcome measurement Results Cohen’s d (95% CI) and NNT GRADE Interpretation CBT After the treatment 3–6 months −0.59 (−0.69 to −0.49) and 4.7 −0.58 (−0.75 to −0.41) and 4.8 ⊕⊕⊕◯ CBT is likely to have a medium-sized effect on decreasing depression symptoms, both after end of treatment and at follow-up IPT After the treatment −0.81 (−1.31 to −0.31) and 3.4 ⊕⊕◯◯ IPT may have a major effect on decreasing depression symptoms after end of treatment Supportive counselling After the treatment 1 week 6 months −1.37 (−2.31 to −0.43) and 2.0 −0.89 (−2.07 to 0.30) and ** −0.27 (−0.50 to −0.04) and 11.2 ⊕⊕◯◯ Supportive counselling may have an effect on decreasing depression symptoms after end of treatment and after 6 months Parent/ infant treatment After the treatment −0.11 (−0.71 to 0.50) and ** −0.55 (−1.10 to −0.09) and 5.1 ⊕◯◯◯ It is unclear what effect the interventions have Other form of therapy* After the treatment −1.07 (−2.20 to 0.06) and ** ⊕◯◯◯ It is unclear what effect the intervention has Health Economic Assessment The cost-effectiveness of psychological treatments and supportive counselling in postpartum depression has not been assessed due to few health economic evaluations for the treatment of PPD. Only two studies, both form the United Kingdom, were included in the health economic assessment. Although the different treatment formats differ regarding costs, individual needs of the women and the organisation of healthcare must be considered. Ethics In brief, it is important that women with PPD receives care in line with individual needs. The ethical value of autonomy was discussed, where one finding was that women wanted to be able to choose the treatment model and format. One possible ethical problem discussed in the report is that access to care interventions is not equal across the country, and that women with a migration background risk having poorer access to care. Discussion The report provides support for both CBT and IPT as treatment options for postpartum depression, compared to treatment as usual. The report does not compare treatments with each other but evaluates their effects separately. For CBT, we found a medium-sized average effect, based on several studies. For IPT, a large effect was observed, based on a smaller number of studies. A smaller number of studies and fewer participants means that the estimated effect size is more uncertain. For IPT, unlike CBT, there were no basis for assessing the effects of treatment on follow-up measurements (3–6 months after treatment). Our report also provides some support for a decrease in depression symptoms with supportive counselling, but the data did not allow for a formal meta-analysis. Our report provides support that the interventions within the Swedish care model for mild to moderate depression postpartum have an effect and are appreciated by the treated women. No adverse effects of the treatments have emerged in the included studies. We found no controlled studies with low risk of bias that, besides effects on a woman's depression symptoms, have investigated effects on the parent-child relationship. Furthermore, studies on the effects of psychodynamic therapy (PDT) would be valuable. In addition, studies are generally needed in this field of research that include analyses of what constitute clinically significant changes in depression symptoms at the individual level. Conflicts of Interest In accordance with SBU’s requirements, the experts and scientific reviewers participating in this project have submitted statements about conflicts of interest. These documents are available at SBU’s secretariat. SBU has determined that the conditions described in the submissions are compatible with SBU’s requirements for objectivity and impartiality. The full report in Swedish The full report in Swedish, Psykologisk behandling av postpartumdepression Scientific article Massoudi P, Strömwall LA, Åhlen J, Kärrman Fredriksson M, Dencker A, Andersson E. Women’s experiences of psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions for postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Women's Health. 2023;23(1):604. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02772-8

Question What systematic reviews are there on the importance of health and social care education for the quality of municipal home care for community dwelling older adults? Identified literature No relevant systematic review was identified. References Socialstyrelsen. Vård och omsorg om äldre: Lägesrapport 2020. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2020. Lägesrapport. [accessed Dec 19 2022]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/ovrigt/2020-3-6603.pdf. SOU 2019:20. Stärkt kompetens i vård och omsorg: Betänkande av Utredningen Reglering av yrket undersköterska. Statens offentliga utredningar. Stockholm. [accessed Dec 19 2022]. Available from: https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/statens-offentliga-utredningar/2019/04/sou-201920/.

Background: Nurses provide 90% of health care worldwide, yet little is known of the experiences of nurses and midwives in policy development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: To identify, appraise and synthesize the qualitative evidence on the experiences of nurses' and midwives' involvement in policy development LMICs. Design: A qualitative systematic review using modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Setting: Low and middle-income countries. Participants: Nurses' and midwives' involved in policy development, implementation, and/or evaluation. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken across nine databases to retrieve published studies in English between inception and April of 2021. Screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction was undertaken by two independent reviewers. Results: Ten articles met inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2000 to 2021 from a variety of LMICs. The studies were medium to high quality (70-100% critical appraisal scores). Four major themes were identified related to policy development: 1) Marginal representation of nurses; 2) Determinants of nurses' involvement (including at the individual, organization, and systematic level); 3) Leadership as a pathway to involvement; 4) Promoting nurses' involvement. Conclusion: All studies demonstrated that nurses and nurse midwives continue to be minimally involved in policy development. Findings reveal reasons for nurses' limited involvement and strategies to foster sustained engagement of nurses in policy development in LMICs. To enhance their involvement in policy development in LMICs, change is needed at multiple levels. Systemic power relations need to be reconstructed to facilitate more collaborative interdisciplinary practices with nurses co-leading and co-developing health care policies.

This paper synthesizes the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. This research is part of the Research on Improving Systems of Education programme.

Drawing on the cumulative body of RISE Programme research on learning outcomes and systems of education in the developing world, this paper argues for 5 key actions to drive education system transformation: Commit to universal, early foundational learning Measure learning regularly, reliably, and relevantly Align systems around learning commitments Support teaching -* Adapt what you adopt as you implement. This research is part of the Research on Improving Systems of Education programme