MetaDTA是一款对诊断试验准确性研究进行Meta分析的在线、交互式应用程序，该应用程序调用R软件中lme4和shiny程序包实现统计分析并建立交互式用户界面。该应用程序无需用户了解任何有关统计和编程的知识，也无需安装任何专业软件，便于无专业统计知识的用户使用。本文将重点介绍MetaDTA平台诊断试验准确性的量化、结果可视化、交互式功能等，结合实例向用户介绍该应用程序的具体操作方法，旨在帮助相关研究人员完成诊断准确性研究Meta分析、绘制汇总受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线、绘制纳入研究质量评价结果以及进行敏感性分析。

目的：了解乡村医生应对新冠疫情现状、困难及培训意愿，分析乡村医生是否具备了应对未来疫情的能力，并针对有关问题提出建议。方法：2023年3～6月，采取方便抽样对甘肃省武威市两个区县中59位乡村医生进行问卷调查，采用描述性分析和χ2检验进行统计描述和影响因素分析。结果：81%以上的乡村医生自我认知在新冠个人防护、对症治疗、基本药品使用、居家防护、中医药防治、新冠防治常识及健康教育等六方面较为熟悉，但近半数（49%）对如何判别感染患者不太熟悉；86%的乡村医生有参加新冠培训意愿，80%最倾向线上学习材料推送的培训方式，76%首选小组学习的组织方式。结论：乡村医生应对未来疫情的实际能力仍有局限性。未来还需从加强乡村医生的继续教育和改善外部环境的资源供给两方面，提高其应对未来疫情能力。

证据综合是实现学术研究发现向实践指南制定转化的桥梁，元分析作为证据整合与转化工具，是循证体系建设的核心。然而，由于偏倚的存在，元分析结果的可靠性难以保障。针对循证研究过程中普遍存在的选择偏移和结果报告偏倚，本研究旨在围绕Egger等发展的模型，通过元回归对其加以拓展，并通过数学分解的方法对选择偏移和结果报告偏倚加以有效识别，从而发展出一种用于识别偏倚的新方法。在建立了精确的偏倚识别拓展模型的基础上，本研究使用一组经验研究数据，验证了拓展模型的合理性与科学性。本研究提出的拓展模型有效提高了Egger检验的效率，有助于提升元分析质量、构建和完善科学化的循证社会科学基础理论体系。

目的 评价中文期刊发表的预测模型系统评价文献的方法学质量和报告质量，为提高我国预测模型系统评价的整体质量提供依据。方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库，获取自建库至2023年7月20日发表的预测模型系统评价相关文献。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料后，采用AMSTAR(A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews)和PRISMA 2020(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020)分别评价纳入的系统评价文献方法学质量和报告质量。结果 共纳入发表于2015—2023年的55篇系统评价文献，其中12篇为Meta分析，最常见的研究主题为心血管疾病、脑卒中和糖尿病。预测模型系统评价文献的方法学质量需改进的内容主要涉及AMSTAR的条目1、4、5、6和10,报告质量需提高的内容主要涉及PRISMA 2020的条目7、10a、12、13a-f、14、15、16a-b, 17、20b-d、21、22、23d、24a-c、25和26。纳入的系统评价文献方法学质量与报告质量具有中等程度的正相关性(r=0.58,P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析表明，较长的篇幅、近期发表和受到基金资助与更高的方法学质量相关(P<0.05);较长的篇幅、近期发表、发表为定性系统评价和受到基金资助与更高的报告质量相关，但更多的作者却与更低的报告质量相关(P<0.05)。结论 当前中文期刊发表的预测模型系统评价的方法学质量和报告质量整体较低，尚有待提高。

目的 评价偏头痛干预网状Meta分析的报告质量和方法学质量。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和CNKI数据库，搜集相关的网状Meta分析，检索时限均为建库至2022年3月4日。由两位作者独立筛选文献、提取资料，并采用Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Network meta-analysis(PRISMA-NMA)和A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR-2)，分别评价纳入研究的报告质量和方法学质量。结果 共纳入发表于2016～2022年的18篇网状Meta分析。报告质量尚需提高的方面主要涉及PRISMA-NMA的条目5、11、S1、15、16、20、S5、22、23和24；方法学质量评价结果表明3篇（17%）整体方法学质量为低，其余15篇（83%）均为极低，需要改进方面主要包括AMSTAR-2的条目2、7、10、12、13和15。结论 偏头痛干预网状Meta分析的报告质量和方法学质量尚有待提高，建议在制作和报告网状Meta分析时应遵循和参考PRISMANMA清单和AMSTAR-2工具。

Objective:To compare the benefits and harms of drug treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes, adding non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (including finerenone) and tirzepatide (a dual glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist) to previously existing treatment options. Design:Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources:Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central up to 14 October 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies:Eligible randomised controlled trials compared drugs of interest in adults with type 2 diabetes. Eligible trials had a follow-up of 24 weeks or longer. Trials systematically comparing combinations of more than one drug treatment class with no drug, subgroup analyses of randomised controlled trials, and non-English language studies were deemed ineligible. Certainty of evidence was assessed following the GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) approach. Results:The analysis identified 816 trials with 471 038 patients, together evaluating 13 different drug classes; all subsequent estimates refer to the comparison with standard treatments. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.94; high certainty) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (0.88, 0.82 to 0.93; high certainty) reduce all cause death; non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, so far tested only with finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease, probably reduce mortality (0.89, 0.79 to 1.00; moderate certainty); other drugs may not. The study confirmed the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, admission to hospital for heart failure, and end stage kidney disease. Finerenone probably reduces admissions to hospital for heart failure and end stage kidney disease, and possibly cardiovascular death. Only GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce non-fatal stroke; SGLT-2 inhibitors are superior to other drugs in reducing end stage kidney disease. GLP-1 receptor agonists and probably SGLT-2 inhibitors and tirzepatide improve quality of life. Reported harms were largely specific to drug class (eg, genital infections with SGLT-2 inhibitors, severe gastrointestinal adverse events with tirzepatide and GLP-1 receptor agonists, hyperkalaemia leading to admission to hospital with finerenone). Tirzepatide probably results in the largest reduction in body weight (mean difference -8.57 kg; moderate certainty). Basal insulin (mean difference 2.15 kg; moderate certainty) and thiazolidinediones (mean difference 2.81 kg; moderate certainty) probably result in the largest increases in body weight. Absolute benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and finerenone vary in people with type 2 diabetes, depending on baseline risks for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes (https://matchit.magicevidence.org/230125dist-diabetes). Conclusions:This network meta-analysis extends knowledge beyond confirming the substantial benefits with the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and death by adding information on finerenone and tirzepatide. These findings highlight the need for continuous assessment of scientific progress to introduce cutting edge updates in clinical practice guidelines for people with type 2 diabetes.

目的 分析循证社会科学的研究现状和发展趋势，探索各领域分支学科之间的协同关系。方法 计算机检索Web of Science、中国科学引文数据库和中文社会科学引文索引数据库，搜集与循证社会科学相关的研究报告，检索时限均从建库至2022年9月。采用VOSviewer软件分析纳入研究的作者和关键词并进行可视化呈现。结果 共纳入相关文献6 969篇，其中中文195篇。最早一篇文献发表于1995年，是关于循证管理的研究。循证社会科学研究发文呈持续增长趋势，发文量最多的国家是美国，发文最多的国外机构是麦克马斯特大学，国内机构为四川大学。关键词分析结果显示，循证政策、循证实践、循证管理、循证决策的出现频次较高；研究问题集中在循证卫生政策制定、新冠肺炎疫情下大数据的应用、气候变化引起疾病的相关证据和真实世界研究等。结论 循证社会科学各领域间在研究内容和方法上联系紧密，并且与循证医学存在多层次，多领域的交叉。但国内循证社会科学尚处于萌芽阶段，还需要完善循证社会科学方法体系，丰富社会科学研究内容，加快填补各领域的证据空白，推动循证社会科学的完善和可持续发展。

应用一个自建的“饱和”文献数据集，从覆盖度和相关性两个方面，对单项检索、交集式组合检索和并集式组合检索的内容效度进行检验，研究发现：单项检索中“全文”检索的内容效度最高，“题名”检索内容效度最低。交集式组合检索普遍存在内容效度风险，且项数越多，内容效度越低。并集式组合检索内容效度普遍较高但内部差异巨大。这对于夯实循证研究的基础，提高元分析和系统评价的质量具有重要意义。

Background As systematically developed statements regarding possible courses of action, health system guidance (HSG) can assist with making decisions about addressing problems or achieving goals in health systems. However, there are conceptual and methodological challenges in HSG implementation due to the complexity of health-system policy-making, the diversity of available evidence and vast differences in contexts. To address these gaps, we aim to develop a theoretical framework for supporting HSG implementation as part of a broader effort to promote evidence-informed policy-making in health systems. Methods To develop a theoretical framework about facilitators, barriers and strategies for HSG implementation, we will apply a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) approach to synthesize the findings from a range of relevant literature. We will search 11 electronic databases and seven organizational websites to identify relevant published and grey literature. We will check the references of included studies and contact experts to identify additional eligible papers. Finally, we will conduct purposively sampling of the literature to fill any identified conceptual gaps. We will use relevance and five quality criteria to assess included papers. A standardized form will be developed for extracting information. We will use an interpretive analytic approach to synthesize the findings, including a constant comparative method throughout the analysis. Two independent reviewers will conduct the literature screening and relevance assessment, and disagreements will be resolved through discussion. The principal investigator will conduct data extraction and synthesis, and a second reviewer will check the sample of extracted data for consistency and accuracy. Discussion A new theoretical framework about facilitators, barriers and strategies for HSG implementation will be developed using a CIS approach. The HSG implementation framework could be widely used for supporting the implementation of HSG covering varied topics and in different contexts (including low-, middle- and high-income countries). In later work, we will develop a tool for supporting HSG implementation based on the theoretical framework. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020214072. Date of Registration: 14 December 2020.

Objective To evaluate the reporting quality of single-patient (N-of-1) trials and protocols based on the CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 trials (CENT) statement and the standard protocol items: recommendations for interventional trials (SPIRIT) extension and elaboration for N-of-1 trials (SPENT) checklist to examine the factors that influenced reporting quality. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify N-of-1 trials and protocols from 2015 to 2020. Quality was assessed by two reviewers. We calculated the overall scores based on binary responses in which "Yes" was scored as 1 (if the item was fully reported), and "No" was scored as 0 (if the item was not clearly reported or not definitely stated). Results A total of 78 publications (55 N-of-1 trials and 23 protocols) were identified. The mean reporting score (SD) of the N-of-1 trials and protocols were 29.24 (0.89) and 29.61 (1.83), respectively. For the items related to outcomes, sample size, allocation concealment protocol, and informed consent materials, the reporting quality was low. Our results showed that the year of publication (t = -0.793, p = 0.872 for the trials and t = 1.352, p = 0.623 for the protocols) and the impact factor of the journal (t = 1.416, p = 0.619 for the trials and t = 0.359, p = 0.667 for the protocols) were not factors associated with better reporting quality. Conclusion With the publication of the CENT 2015 statement and the SPENT 2019 checklist, authors should adhere to the relevant reporting guidelines and improve the reporting quality of N-of-1 trials and protocols.