Objectives: The aim was to synthesize evidence on the use of person-centered outcome measures to facilitate integrated palliative care for older people and build a logic model depicting the mechanisms through which person-centered outcome measures support integrated care. Design: Mixed methods systematic review using a data-based convergent synthesis design. Setting and participants: Older people aged ≥60 years who are approaching the end of their lives in multiple settings. Methods: The study was underpinned by a conceptual framework of integrated palliative care, which informed the search strategy, data extraction, analysis, and synthesis. A hybrid search strategy was implemented, with database searches (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ASSIA) complemented by snowball searches. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed by narrative synthesis to summarize and explain the findings. The findings informed a logic model depicting the mechanisms of using person-centered outcome measures to support integrated palliative care. Results: Twenty-six studies were included. Three mixed methods studies, 2 qualitative studies, and 21 quantitative studies were included. There was evidence that person-centered outcome measures could support integrated palliative care through informing palliative care policy development (n = 4), facilitating joint working across settings (n = 5), enabling close collaboration of multidisciplinary teams (n = 14), promoting joint education (n = 1), facilitating timing and specialist referral (n = 6), and enhancing patient-centered care (n = 3). Conclusions and implications: This review makes an important, novel, and theoretically informed contribution to the delivery of scalable and sustainable integrated palliative care into the care of older people using person-centered outcome measures. The constructed logic model provides a conceptual framework and practical approach to how person-centered outcome measures support multilevel integration. A future area of research is the development of person-centered outcome measure interventions informed by the logic model to meet clinical needs.

Introduction: Many experts and communities have concerns about how National Disability Insurance Scheme services are provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait children. This study was undertaken at the request of the NPY Women's Council in partnership with the researchers, to explore supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in their remote areas. Objective: This scoping review aims to (a) explore the barriers and enablers to accessing disability support services for families of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (0-8 years) living in regional, rural and remote settings, and (b) summarise best practice approaches for accessing support for young children in these settings. Design: The search was run in three electronic databases, as well as grey literature sources. We assessed the quality of included publications using the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange tool. A narrative synthesis was supported by thematic analysis. Findings: From an initial search (557 citations), we identified 13 eligible documents. Most documents were peer-reviewed articles of qualitative studies. Key themes identified included the following: (1) Holistic approach, (2) Understanding disability, (3) Consistent relationships, (4), Flexibility, (5) Simplify system and (6) Enhance communication. Discussion/conclusion: This scoping review has revealed gaps in the provision of quality, culturally responsive disability services for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia. A family-centred, flexible approach will help address their needs. Future research is required to design and evaluate models of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

AIM: To identify the experiences of shared decision-making (SDM) for adults with end-stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and their family members. DESIGN: A scoping literature review. METHOD: A scoping literature review, using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. DATA SOURCES: Medline (OVID), EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych Info, ProQuest, Web of Science, Open grey and grey literature were searched covering years from January 2015 to July 2022. Empirical studies, unpublished thesis and studies in English were included. The scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta analysis-scoping review extension (PRISMA-Scr). RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in the final review. While SDM is welcomed by people undergoing HD, their experience is often limited to treatment decisions, with little opportunity to revisit decisions previously made. The role of the family/caregivers as active participants in SDM requires recognition. CONCLUSION: People with end-stage kidney disease undergoing HD do and want to participate in the process of SDM, on a wide range of topics, in addition to treatment. A strategy is needed to ensure that SDM interventions are successful in achieving patient-driven outcomes and enhancing their quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: This review highlights the experiences of people undergoing HD and their family/caregivers. There is a wide variety of clinical decisions requiring consideration for people undergoing HD, including considering the importance who should be involved in the decision-making processes and when decisions should occur. Further study to ensure nurses understand the importance, and influence of including family members in conversations on both SDM processes and outcomes is needed. There is a need for research from both patient and healthcare professional (HCP) perspectives to ensure that people feel supported and have their needs met in the SDM process. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Aims: To conduct an integrative literature review to reveal any evidence supportive of the integration of traditional therapies for First Nations peoples in Australia within a western healthcare model, and to identify which, if any, of these therapies have been linked to better health outcomes and culturally safe and appropriate care for First Nations peoples. If so, are there indications by First Nations peoples in Australia that these have been effective in providing culturally safe care or the decolonisation of western healthcare practices. Design: Integrative literature review of peer-reviewed literature. Data sources: Online databases searched included CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect InformitHealth, and ProQuest. Review methods: Databases were searched for papers with full text available and published in English with no date parameter set. The PRISMA guidelines were used during the literature review and the literature was critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills tool. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four articles selected were qualitative, two used a mixed method design, and one used a quantitative method. Six themes arose: (i) bush medicine, (ii) traditional healers, (iii) traditional healing practices, (iv) bush tucker, (v) spiritual healing, and (vi) therapies that connected to cultures such as yarning and storytelling. Conclusion: There is limited literature discussing the use of traditional therapies in Western healthcare settings. A need exists to include traditional therapies within a Western healthcare system. Creating a culturally safer and appropriate healthcare experience for First Nations people in Australia and will contribute to advancement in the decolonisation of current healthcare models.

Introduction: International organisations have called to increase young people's involvement in healthcare and health policy development. We currently lack effective methods for facilitating meaningful engagement by young people in health-related decision-making. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify deliberative priority setting methods and explore the effectiveness of these in engaging young people in healthcare and health policy decision-making. Methods: Seven databases were searched systematically, using MeSH and free text terms, for articles published in English before July 2021 that described the use of deliberative priority setting methods for health decision-making with young people. All titles, abstracts and full-text papers were screened by a team of six independent reviewers between them. Data extraction followed the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. The results are presented as a narrative synthesis, structured around four components for evaluating deliberative processes: 1) representation and inclusion of diverse participants, 2) the way the process is run including levels and timing of participant engagement, 3) the quality of the information provided to participants and 4) resulting outcomes and decisions. Findings: The search yielded 9 reviews and 21 studies. The more engaging deliberative priority setting tools involved young people-led committees, mixed methods for identifying and prioritising issues and digital data collection and communication tools. Long-term and frequent contact with young people to build trust underpinned the success of some of the tools, as did offering incentives for taking part and skills development using creative methods. The review also suggests that successful priority setting processes with young people involve consideration of power dynamics, since young people's decisions are likely to be made together with family members, health professionals and academics. Discussion: Young people's engagement in decision-making about their health is best achieved through investing time in building strong relationships and ensuring young people are appropriately rewarded for their time and contribution. If young people are to be instrumental in improving their health and architects of their own futures, decision-making processes need to respect young people's autonomy and agency. Our review suggests that methods of power-sharing with young people do exist but that they have yet to be adopted by organisations and global institutions setting global health policy.

The ageing of the population has resulted in an increase in the demand for long-term care services for older people, but with limited resources, its challenges have also been highlighted. Although factors affecting the willingness of older people to engage with long-term care services have been widely reported, however, systematic review has not synthesised the evidence, and its associated factors remain unclear. This systematic review aims to study and synthesise the best available evidence on the potential factors related to the willingness of older people to engage with long-term care services. Eight electronic databases were comprehensively searched from inception to January 2021: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Weipu Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The original literatures were screened according to selection criteria. Two researchers used 11-item checklist recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to evaluate the quality of the included literatures. And the review used narrative synthesis to integrate factors related to the willingness of older people to engage with long-term care services. In total, 7794 studies were screened and 35 studies were included in this review. Among them, 23 studies were rated as moderate quality and 12 was high quality. Data synthesis identified that age, education, number of children, living arrangements, the relationship with children, primary caregivers, place of residence, social support, household income, medical insurance, activities of daily living ability and spiritual comfort should all be taken into account when establishing the appropriate long-term care service model or formulating relevant policies. However, many factors remain undetermined and require more rigorous original literature support. And multiple areas can be also considered in the future studies, especially psychological factors.

Bibliotherapy is an important part of art therapy and many publications regarding bibliotherapy have been published in the past. However, there has none about the scientometric study to systematically analyze the development and emerging research trends on bibliotherapy. Therefore, we performed a scientometric investigation to describe trends of this theme. All publications related to bibliotherapy published from 1980 to 2020 were identified and selected from Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index of Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer was used to create collaborative network plots of countries, institutions, and authors and to perform cluster analysis of keywords. A total of 703 articles were searched, and we retrieved the 100 most cited articles published by 146 institutions from 15 countries in 57 academic journals. The United States occupied a leading position in the field of bibliotherapy and Linkoping University was the most productive institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology was the most productive journal. Andersson G, Carlbring P, and Cuijpers P may have an important influence on bibliotherapy research. The applications in depression, anxiety, panic disorder, insomnia, and aphasia are the hot themes. This scientometric review provided a comprehensive understanding of the bibliotherapy research using quantitative and qualitative methods, which can provide references for researchers in the bibliotherapy field. As investigators continue to work, we look forward to the development of bibliotherapy efficacy and the implementation form and steps.

Nutrition interventions can support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines nutritional interventions aiming to improve CVD outcomes and appraises peer-reviewed interventions using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. Five electronic databases and grey literature were searched, applying no time limit. Two reviewers completed the screening, data extraction and quality assessment independently. The study quality was assessed using the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT). Twenty-one nutrition programs were included in this review. Twelve reported on anthropometric measurements, ten on biochemical and/or hematological measurements and sixteen on other outcome domains. Most programs reported improvements in measurable CVD risk factors, including reduced body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight, blood pressure and improved lipid profiles. Most programs performed well at community engagement and capacity strengthening, but many lacked the inclusion of Indigenous research paradigms, governance and strengths-based approaches. This review highlights the need for contemporary nutrition programs aimed at improving cardiovascular health outcomes to include additional key cultural components.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial issues, such as social isolation and loneliness among older adults and people with dementia, continue to pose challenges with a rapidly aging population worldwide. Social robots are a rapidly emerging field of technology, developed to help address the psychosocial needs of this population. Although studies have reported positive findings regarding their psychosocial benefits, their implementation in real-world practice remains a challenge. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors affecting their implementation. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of social robots for older adults and people with dementia. METHOD: The Arksey and O'Malley approach with methodological enhancement by Levac et al. was used to guide the conduct of this review. Seven electronic databases were searched. In addition, hand searching and backward citation tracing was conducted. Three independent reviewers were involved in the screening and data charting process. Findings were synthesised and categorised into the five domains outlined in the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR). RESULTS: A total of 53 studies were included in the final review. Most of the included studies were based in participants' homes and in care facilities. Barriers and facilitators were mapped onto 18 constructs in the five domains of the CFIR. The most frequently cited barriers were mapped to the constructs within the domain of "Intervention characteristics", where issues such as the complexity of using the technology and technical obstacles impeded implementation. Most facilitators were mapped onto the domain "Patient needs and resources". Overall, existing research are disproportionately focused on the internal validity (i.e. characteristics) of social robots, and there is significantly less research investigating their external validity, such as organisational or wider contextual factors that can affect their implementation in real-world practice. CONCLUSION: This review has identified and synthesised the breadth of evidence on the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of social robots for older adults and people with dementia. Future research should pay more attention to investigating the contextual factors, using an implementation framework, to identify barriers and facilitators to guide the implementation of social robots.

Aims: To examine the experiences of health transitions for young people with intellectual disabilities and their carers and identify the implications for nursing practice. Design: A systematic review and critical appraisal of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Data sources: A search of the relevant literature published 2007-2017 was carried out in AMED, ASSIA, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Science Direct Sociological Abstracts databases. Review methods: A total of 12 of 637 papers identified in the search met the inclusion criteria for this review. A narrative review of the papers was undertaken by synthesizing the key findings and grouping them into concepts and emergent themes. Results: Four main themes were identified: (a) becoming an adult; (b) fragmented transition process and care; (c) parents as advocates in emotional turmoil; and (d) making transitions happen. Conclusion: The range of issues that have an impact on the transition from child to adult health services for young people with intellectual disabilities and their carers raise important implications for policy development, nursing practice, and education.

As the older adult population group has been increasing in size, there has been evidence of growing social isolation and loneliness in their lives. The increased use of information communication technology and Internet-supported interventions has stimulated an interest in the benefits of e-Interventions for older people and specifically in having a role in increasing social networks and decreasing loneliness. A systematic review of e-Interventions to reduce loneliness in older people was conducted with the aim to synthesize high quality evidence on the effectiveness of e-Interventions to decrease social isolation/loneliness for older people living in community/residential care. A systematic search of 12 databases for reviews published between 2000-2017 was conducted using search term synonyms for older people, social isolation and interventions. Three independent researchers screened articles and two reviewers extracted data. The Revised-Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews was used to assess the quality of reviews. The final search identified 12 reviews, which included 22 unique primary research studies evaluating e-Interventions for social isolation or loneliness. The reviews were of moderate quality and the primary studies showed a lack of rigor. Loneliness was most frequently measured using the University California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Despite the limitations of the reviewed studies, there is inconsistent and weak evidence on using e-Interventions for loneliness in older people.

Background: frailty impacts older adults' ability to recover from an acute illness, injuries and other stresses. Currently, a systematic synthesis of available interventions to prevent or reduce frailty does not exist. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of interventions and international policies designed to prevent or reduce the level of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Methods and analysis: we conducted a scoping review using the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. We systematically searched articles and grey literature to identify interventions and policies that aimed to prevent or reduce the level of frailty. Results: fourteen studies were included: 12 randomised controlled trials and 2 cohort studies (mean number of participants 260 (range 51-610)), with most research conducted in USA and Japan. The study quality was moderate to good. The interventions included physical activity; physical activity combined with nutrition; physical activity plus nutrition plus memory training; home modifications; prehabilitation (physical therapy plus exercise plus home modifications) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Our review showed that the interventions that significantly reduced the number of frailty markers present or the prevalence of frailty included the physical activity interventions (all types and combinations), and prehabilitation. The CGA studies had mixed findings. Conclusion: nine of the 14 studies reported that the intervention reduced the level of frailty. The results need to be interpreted with caution, as only 14 studies using 6 different definitions of frailty were retained. Future research could combine interventions targeting more frailty markers including cognitive or psychosocial well-being.

AIMS: To critically appraise the evidence for effectiveness of pharmacy-based needle/syringe exchange programs (Pharmacy-based NSPs) on risk behaviors (RBs), HIV/HCV prevalence, and economic outcomes among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis SETTING: PRIMARY CARE SETTING: PARTICIPANTS: Of 1,568 studies screened, 14 studies with N = 7035 PWID were included. MEASURES: PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, CENTRAL, and Cochrane review databases were searched without language restriction from their inception through January 27, 2016. All published study designs with control group that reported the effectiveness of Pharmacy-based NSP on outcomes of interest were included. Outcomes of interest are RB, HIV/HCV prevalence, and economic outcomes. The estimates of pooled effects of these outcomes were calculated as pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and chi-squared tests. FINDINGS: Most studies (9/14, 64.3%) were rated as having a serious risk of bias, while 28.6% and 7.1% were rated as having a moderate risk and low risk of bias, respectively. For sharing-syringe behavior, Pharmacy-based NSPs were significantly better than no NSPs for both main (OR: 0.50 (95%CI = 0.34-0.73; I2 = 59.6%)) and sensitivity analyses, excluding studies with a serious risk of bias (OR: 0.52 (95%CI = 0.32-0.84; I2 = 41.4%)). For safe syringe disposal and HIV/HCV prevalence, the evidence for Pharmacy-based NSPs compared with other NSP or No NSP was unclear since few of the studies reported this and most of them had a serious risk of bias. Compared with the total lifetime cost of 55,640 USD for treating a person with HIV infection, the HIV prevalence among PWID has to be at least 0.8% (for Pharmacy-based NSPs) or 2.1% (for other NSPs) to result in cost-savings. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy-based needle/syringe exchange programs appear to be effective for reducing risk behaviors among people who inject drugs, though their effect on HIV/HCV prevalence and economic outcomes is unclear.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Peer-led interventions may offer a beneficial approach in preventing substance use, but their impact has not yet been quantified. We conducted a systematic review to investigate and quantify the effect of peer-led interventions that sought to prevent tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use among young people aged 11-21 years. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2015 without language restriction. We included randomized controlled trials only. Screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and data from eligible studies were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: We identified 17 eligible studies, approximately half of which were school-based studies targeting tobacco use among adolescents. Ten studies targeting tobacco use could be pooled, representing 13,706 young people in 220 schools. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the odds of smoking were lower among those receiving the peer-led intervention compared with control [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62-0.99, P = 0.040]. There was evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 41%, χ(2) 15.17, P = 0.086). Pooling of six studies representing 1699 individuals in 66 schools demonstrated that peer-led interventions were also associated with benefit in relation to alcohol use (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65-0.99, P = 0.036), while three studies (n = 976 students in 38 schools) suggested an association with lower odds of cannabis use (OR = 0.70, 0.50-0.97, P = 0.034). No studies were found that targeted other illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Peer interventions may be effective in preventing tobacco, alcohol and possibly cannabis use among adolescents, although the evidence base is limited overall, and is characterized mainly by small studies of low quality.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the characteristics of injury and treatment outcomes of rotator cuff tears in young patients. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed for clinical studies evaluating rotator cuff tears in patients younger than 40 years with special emphasis on reporting of injury characteristics and treatment outcomes with a minimum 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Twelve studies (involving 336 patients) met inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 28 years (range, 16-40 years), with a mean follow-up of 39 months. There were 2 distinct subgroups. The majority of studies (7 of 10) showed that patients typically had a full-thickness tear with an acute traumatic etiology. However, within the subgroup of elite throwers, 5 of 6 studies demonstrated a majority of tears that were partial thickness stemming from chronic overuse. Rotator cuff repair improved pain and strength in almost all studies reporting on these parameters. Eighty-seven percent of patients reported they were satisfied. However, all studies examining elite throwers showed significant difficulty in returning to play (25%-97%). CONCLUSIONS: In young patients with rotator cuff tears, there are 2 primary groups. (1) A majority group with rotator cuff tears of traumatic origin responded well to both arthroscopic and open rotator cuff repair in terms of pain relief and self-reported outcomes postoperatively. These patients reported high levels of satisfaction and return to preinjury level of play. (2) A unique subpopulation composed of elite throwers had improved outcomes but suboptimal return to play

BACKGROUND: Young people's transition from child and adolescent (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS).OBJECTIVES: To systematically review evidence on the effectiveness of different models of CAMHS-AMHS transitional care, service user and staff perspectives, and facilitators of/barriers to effective CAMHS-AMHS transition.DATA SOURCES: A systematic search in May 2012 of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, Health Business Elite, HMIC, Cochrane Database, Web of Science and ASSIA; ancestral searches; and consultation with experts in the field.STUDY SELECTION: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods primary research on the CAMHS-AMHS health-care transition of young people (aged 16-21 years) with mental health problems. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently completed a standardised data extraction form and critically evaluated identified documents using a validated appraisal tool for empirical studies with varied methodologies. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies of variable quality were identified. None were randomised or case-controlled trials. Studies incorporating service user/carer perspectives highlighted the need to tackle stigma and provide accessible, age-appropriate services. Parents/carers wanted more involvement with AMHS. Transitional care provision was considered patchy and often not prioritised within mental health services. There was no clear evidence of superior effectiveness of any particular model. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality evidence of transitional care models is lacking. Data broadly support the development of programmes that address the broader transitional care needs of 'emerging adults' and their mental health needs but further evaluation is necessary. Developing robust transitional mental health care will require the policy-practice gap to be addressed and development of accessible, acceptable, responsive, age-appropriate provision.

BACKGROUND: Substance use remains a robust predictor of HIV infection and a serious impediment to HIV care continuum progression for people living with HIV. The primary research question of this systematic review is focused on understanding the extent to which behavioral HIV care interventions have been efficacious in helping people who live with HIV and who use substances along the HIV care continuum. METHODS: Using PubMed and ProQuest databases, we performed a systematic review of randomized trials of behavioral HIV care continuum interventions among people who use substances published from 2011 to August 2023, since the beginning of the treatment-as-prevention era. RESULTS: We identified 11 studies (total participants: N = 5635), ten intentionally targeting substance-using populations. Four studies involved samples using ≥ 1 substance (e.g., alcohol, opioids, stimulants, marijuana); four involved injection drug use; one involved methamphetamine use; and one involved alcohol use. One study targeted a population with incidental substance use (i.e., alcohol, injection drug use, non-injection drug use reported in most participants). Each study defined one or more HIV care outcomes of interest. Viral suppression was an outcome targeted in 9/11 studies, followed by uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART; 7/11), ART adherence (6/11), retention in care (5/11), and linkage to care (3/11). While most (nine) of the studies found significant effects on at least one HIV care outcome, findings were mostly mixed. Mediated (2/11) and moderated (2/11) effects were minimally examined. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this systematic review demonstrate mixed findings concerning the efficacy of previous HIV care interventions to improve HIV care continuum outcomes among people who use substances. However, heterogeneity of study components (e.g., diversity of substances used/assessed, self-report vs. objective measures, attrition) prevent broad deductions or conclusions about the amenability of specific substance-using populations to HIV care intervention. More coordinated, comprehensive, and targeted efforts are needed to promote and disentangle intervention effects on HIV care continuum outcomes among substance-using populations.