Objectives: To systematically analyze the use of evidence assessment tools in systematic reviews of management and education. Study design and setting: We systematically searched selected literature databases and websites to identify systematic reviews on management and education. We extracted general information of the included studies and information about the evidence assessment tool they applied, including whether it was used for methodological quality assessment, reporting quality assessment or evidence grading, as well as the name, reference, publication year, version and original intended use of the tool, the role of the tool in the systematic review, and whether the quality determination criteria were given. Results: A total of 299 systematic reviews were included, of which only 34.8% used evidence assessment tools. A total of 66 different evidence assessment tools were used, of which Risk of Bias (ROB) and its updated version (n = 16, 15.4%) were the most frequent. The specific roles of the evidence assessment tools were reported clearly in 57 reviews, and 27 reviews used two tools. Conclusion: Evidence assessment tools were seldom used in systematic reviews in social sciences. The understanding and reporting of evidence assessment tools among the researchers and users still needs improvement.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease, causes characteristic cognitive impairment, and no curative treatments are currently available. Stem cell transplantation offers a powerful tool for the treatment of AD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from controlled studies to study the impact of stem cell biology and experimental design on learning and memory function following stem cell transplantation in animal models of AD. A total of 58 eligible controlled studies were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to April 13, 2015. Meta-analysis showed that stem cell transplantation could promote both learning and memory recovery. Stratified meta-analysis was used to explore the influence of the potential factors on the estimated effect size, and meta-regression analyses were undertaken to explore the sources of heterogeneity for learning and memory function. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. The present review reinforces the evidence supporting stem cell transplantation in experimental AD. However, it highlights areas that require well-designed and well-reported animal studies

Objective: To assess the overall effect of pharmacist-involved medication therapy management (MTM) on patient outcomes and to interpret the assessment for a general population. Methods: Many small studies have documented the influence the pharmacist's role within MTM for specific populations. However, not many studies have documented the impact of the importance of a pharmacist in MTM overall in general populations. A stronger indicator of improved patient outcomes with a pharmacist-led MTM could lead to larger studies and better health care policy in the future. A literature search of published studies (hospital and community settings) was performed in Medline (via PubMed), the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Embase. Studies were also identified from the references in these articles and in reviews. For a study to be included in this meta-analysis, it must have a pharmacist-involved medication intervention. The included studies were published no earlier than January 2009 in developed countries. All studies with less than 50 participants or a follow-up period less than 16 weeks were excluded. The recommendations of Cochrane Collaboration and the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses guidelines were also implemented. Results: Preliminary data analysis suggests a significant improvement in patient outcomes with a pharmacist-involved MTM. When observing strictly patient adherence in three previously selected trials, the pharmacist intervention had a 7% greater patient adherence versus the control intervention. Conclusion: NA (research in progress)