The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) operates multiple hazard mitigation assistance (HMA) grant programs as a way to promote a national culture of preparedness and public safety, mitigate the consequences that disasters have for communities and infrastructure, and reduce future draws on the Disaster Relief Fund. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act requires FEMA to ensure that these mitigation activities are cost-effective. To determine cost-effectiveness, FEMA currently requires any project seeking HMA grants to include a benefit–cost analysis (BCA), implemented in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Circular A-94. Applicants for mitigation grants have provided extensive feedback that the BCA process is cumbersome and that finding the right data to include in the calculations of costs and benefits is difficult. FEMA is concerned that the administrative burdens and the costs of application processes could discourage subapplicants with fewer resources from applying or place them at a disadvantage in developing quality applications. Furthermore, two 2021 executive orders direct federal agencies to achieve greater equity and fairness in allocating federal resources. Two HMA grant programs have been selected as pilot programs for the corresponding federalwide Justice40 Initiative. The authors found that FEMA's dual goals of equity and simplicity occasionally compete, that FEMA has the authority to implement recommended changes, and that FEMA's approach to BCA differs from those of other federal entities. The authors identify nine changes that FEMA could implement to address the inequities introduced by the use of BCA in the HMA grant process.
重大灾难发生后，幸存者可以向联邦紧急事务管理局的个人和家庭计划申请临时住房或房屋维修资金。在2018年1月至2021年11月的270万申请者中，FEMA授权对其中约一半的人进行住房检查（以确定资格）
从洪水易发地区转移人口和房屋可以挽救生命，并帮助社区节省救灾资金。联邦紧急事务管理局为社区提供资金，从有意愿的业主那里购买易受洪水影响的房产，并将其改建为开放空间
从洪水易发地区转移人口和房屋可以挽救生命，并帮助社区节省救灾资金。联邦紧急事务管理局为社区提供资金，从有意愿的业主那里购买易受洪水影响的房产，并将其改建为开放空间
