According to a new study from an international team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, the oxygen-deficient zones that occur in the open ocean shrank in long warm periods of the past.
The surface of a coral is rugged. Its hard skeleton is populated by polyps that stretch their tentacles into the surrounding water to filter out food. But how exactly does the water flow over the coral surface, what eddies and flows develop, and what does this mean for the oxygen supply around the coral and its associated algae? An international research team around Soeren Ahmerkamp from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Klaus Koren from the Aarhus University in Denmark and Lars Behrendt from the Uppsala University and SciLifeLab in Sweden has developed a method that allows studying the flow and oxygen concentrations simultaneously at very small scales. Now it is possible to see how the corals generate a flow with their cilia, thus increasing oxygen transport.
谢米亚奇金娜-格鲁什科夫斯卡娅， O.， 迪杜克， S.， 安娜， E.， 埃琳娜， D.， 阿尔乔姆， K.， 霍罗沃多夫， A.， 希罗科夫， A.， 费多索夫， I.， 杜布罗夫斯基， A.， 布洛希娜， I.， 特尔斯科夫， A.， 卡兰丁， G.， 叶夫苏科娃， A.， 茨文， A.， 特尔诺瓦， V.， 阿弗拉诺维奇， I.， 索科洛夫斯基， S.， 拉法洛夫， E.，库尔斯，J.（2022 年）： 贝伐珠单抗淋巴输送到大脑的光调节：单线态氧的作用。- 在： Scholkmann， F.， LaManna， J.， Wolf， U.（编辑），氧气运输到组织 XLIII，（实验医学进展 和生物学 ;1395），占：斯普林格，53-57。
Life on Earth today relies on the presence of oxygen. However, the process behind the step-wise rise of oxygen levels in the atmosphere, which took place over nearly two billion years, remains under debate. An international team of scientists around Judith Klatt from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany, proposes an intriguing explanation: that increasing daylength, resulting from slowing Earth rotation, may have allowed microbes to release more oxygen, thereby creating the air we breathe today.
Oxygen deficit, also called hypoxia, in the brain is actually an absolute state of emergency and can permanently damage nerve cells. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that to a certain extent, hypoxia can also be an important signal for growth. Together with scientists from the University Hospitals of Copenhagen and Hamburg-Eppendorf, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine in Göttingen have shown in mice that mentally and physically demanding activity triggers not only a local but also a brain-wide ‘functional hypoxia’. Although in an attenuated form, the effects are similar to oxygen deprivation. The shortage of oxygen activates, among other things, the growth factor erythropoietin (Epo), which stimulates the formation of new synapses and nerve cells. This mechanism could explain why physical and mental training have a positive effect on mental performance into old age.
