Abstract Background Organizational Health Literacy (OHL) refers to the extent to which organizations facilitate equitable access, comprehension, and use of health information and services for informed decision-making. Objective This study aimed to (1) review and map existing OHL frameworks and (2) propose an innovative OHL framework that addresses gaps identified in current models. Methods A systematic search of academic (Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE) and grey literature from the past 15 years was conducted to identify OHL frameworks. This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Arksey and O’Malley model. A new OHL intervention framework was developed to address gaps in existing models, based on the principles of preventive medicine and the public health action cycle. Results A total of 19 records were included (10 from academic databases and 9 from grey literature), covering diverse approaches and contexts related to OHL. Four intervention levels were identified: integrating HL into formal education, implementing HL assessments, developing interventions for vulnerable populations, and enhancing accessibility to health resources. The proposed framework emphasizes intersectoral collaboration and communication pathways between education and healthcare sectors, facilitating information exchange to continuously adapt interventions to population needs. Conclusion OHL development requires intersectoral collaboration; however, interoperability between sectors remains unaddressed in existing frameworks. This study proposes an innovative model that fosters sectoral connections toward a shared goal, creating a truly collaborative framework.

Output 1.4 Equitable, resilient and sustainable systems for health and pandemic preparedness strengthened to address communicable and non-communicable diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and mental health

Output 4.1 Natural resources protected and managed to enhance sustainable productivity and livelihoods

Output 1.1.1 Capacities developed across the whole of government to integrate the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement and other international agreements in development plans and budgets, and to analyse progress towards the SDGs, using innovative and data-driven solutions Output 1.1.2 Marginalised groups, particularly the poor, women, people with disabilities and displaced are empowered to gain universal access to basic services and financial and non-financial assets to build productive capacities and benefit from sustainable livelihoods and jobs Output 1.2.1 Capacities at national and sub-national levels strengthened to promote inclusive local economic development and deliver basic services including HIV and related services Output 1.2.2 Enabling environment strengthened to expand public and private financing for the achievement of the SDGs Output 1.2.3 Institutions and systems enabled to address awareness, prevention and enforcement of anti-corruption measures to maximize availability of resources for poverty eradication Output 1.3.1 National capacities and evidence-based assessment and planning tools enable gender-responsive and risk-informed development investments, including for response to and recovery from crisis Output 1.4.1 Solutions scaled up for sustainable management of natural resources, including sustainable commodities and green and inclusive value chains Output 1.5.1 Solutions adopted to achieve universal access to clean, affordable and sustainable energy Output 1.6.1 Country-led measures accelerated to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment Output 1.6.2 Measures in place and implemented across sectors to prevent and respond to Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) Output 2.1.1 Low emission and climate resilient objectives addressed in national, sub-national and sectoral development plans and policies to promote economic diversification and green growth Output 2.1.2 Capacities developed for progressive expansion of inclusive social protection systems Output 2.2.1 Use of digital technologies and big data enabled for improved public services and other government functions Output 2.2.2 Constitution-making, electoral and parliamentary processes and institutions strengthened to promote inclusion, transparency and accountability Output 2.2.3 Capacities, functions and financing of rule of law and national human rights institutions and systems strengthened to expand access to justice and combat discrimination, with a focus on women and other marginalised groups Output 2.3.1 Data and risk-informed development policies, plans, systems and financing incorporate integrated and gender-responsive solutions to reduce disaster risks, enable climate change adaptation and mitigation, and prevent risk of conflict Output 2.4.1 Gender-responsive legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and institutions strengthened, and solutions adopted, to address conservation, sustainable use and equitable benefit sharing of natural resources, in line with international conventions and national legislation Output 2.5.1 Solutions developed, financed and applied at scale for energy efficiency and transformation to clean energy and zero-carbon development, for poverty eradication and structural transformation Output 2.6.1 Capacities strengthened to raise awareness on and undertake legal, policy and institutional reforms to fight structural barriers to women’s empowerment Output 1.4 Equitable, resilient and sustainable systems for health and pandemic preparedness strengthened to address communicable and non-communicable diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and mental health Output 2.3 Responsive governance systems and local governance strengthened for socio economic opportunity, inclusive basic service delivery, community security, and peacebuilding Output 3.1 Institutional systems to manage multi-dimensional risks and shocks strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels Output 3.2 Capacities for conflict prevention and peacebuilding strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels and across borders Output 3.3 Risk informed and gender-responsive recovery solutions, including stabilization efforts and mine action, implemented at regional, national and sub-national levels

Output 2.1 Open, agile, accountable and future-ready governance systems in place to co-create and deliver solutions to accelerate SDG achievement

Output 5.1 Energy gap closed Output 5.2 Transition to renewable energy accelerated capitalizing on technological gains, clean energy innovations and new financing mechanisms to support green recovery

Output 4.1 Natural resources protected and managed to enhance sustainable productivity and livelihoods

The United States is engaged in a strategic competition with China over the nature of the global system, and the Middle East has emerged as a central site of great power competition: The United States, China, and Russia are all active there. At the heart of this competition is technology. Middle Eastern countries have been developing strong technology links with China while maintaining their security and economic relations with the United States. Smart cities present a valuable case study of this competition. A smart city is a city that addresses public issues with solutions based on information and communication technology–enabled use of large-scale data available from the Internet of Things. China is involved in dozens of smart city projects in the Middle East. In that region, the need for improved urban environments is pressing. The region is well above the world average for percentage of population living in urban areas and for urban population growth. Smart city infrastructure can be used to improve services, but it can also be used for population control, to limit public dissent, to violate privacy, and to strengthen authoritarian tendencies. This therefore makes smart cities a positive factor in improved services and greater connectivity but also a potential threat to civil society and personal and political freedom. China’s involvement raises an additional issue: that of data security and the integrity of communications networks, especially those related to U.S. activities in the region. This paper addresses potential U.S. concerns related to these developments.

As the Department of the Air Force (DAF) accelerates its testing of manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) concepts and further integrates the Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program into operations against highly capable adversaries, it is critical for U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and DAF planners, strategists, and analysts to better understand Chinese perspectives and similar lines of effort to integrate autonomous systems into air operations. Additionally, understanding China's approach to MUM-T can help the DAF anticipate and counter adversarial tactics, ensuring that U.S. forces maintain a strategic advantage in the foreseeable future. The analysis presented in this report is intended to improve the DAF's understanding of the People's Liberation Army's (PLA's) perceptions regarding MUM-T and the PLA's efforts to integrate autonomous systems into air operations. These insights into China's MUM-T capabilities can inform the DAF's operational planning, enhance interoperability with allied forces, and guide investment in relevant technologies.

Human Noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading etiologic agents responsible for viral gastroenteritis. Drinking water (DW) serves as a significant vehicle for the transmission of HuNoVs. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of HuNoVs in drinking water sources (DWS) and DW. A systematic search spanning Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was executed up to July 15, 2024. Following rigorous screening, 76 eligible studies underwent meta-analysis with heterogeneity assessment via Stata 14.0 using a random-effects model. The results indicated that the pooled occurrence of HuNoVs was 11 % (95 % CI: 8-14), with occurrence of 15 % (95 % CI: 10-21) in DWS and 6 % (95 % CI: 3-9) in DW. Subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated that genogroup II (GII) of HuNoVs exhibited the highest contamination occurrence of 7 % (95 % CI: 4-10), with GII.4 and GII.17 being the predominant genotypes. The two continents with the highest number of studies were Asia (n = 27) and Europe (n = 19), with HuNoVs occurrence of 14 % (95 % CI: 8-22) and 15 % (95 % CI: 7-26), respectively. Furthermore, the occurrence showed no significant differences across the four seasons: in spring, the occurrence was 11 % (95 % CI: 3-23); in summer, 15 % (95 % CI: 7-25); in autumn, 11 % (95 % CI: 2-24); and in winter, 18 % (95 % CI: 10-27). These findings provided valuable epidemiological insight into the global occurrence, seasonal variation, and genotypic distribution of HuNoVs in DWS and DW, aiding policy development and public health strategies.

South Korea, Japan, and the United States' trilateral partnership has expanded to include collaboration on economic security, including on critical minerals supply chains (CMSCs). This report offers analysis, tools, and recommendations to strengthen South Korea's CMSCs and economic security through trilateral cooperation and collaboration among South Korea, the United States, and Japan. Included in the report are (1) analysis of the trio's CMSC vulnerabilities and four industry case studies on cobalt, gallium, molybdenum, and tungsten; (2) summaries of the key organizations and governance leading critical minerals efforts, national legislation, policy tactics and tasks, and available financial mechanisms in each country, along with a supply chain net assessment tool and analysis to evaluate supply chain securitization efforts; (3) case studies on trilateral engagement with India and Mongolia and political alignment metrics to evaluate potential partnerships with mineral-rich countries; and (4) opportunities for and barriers to trilateral cooperation. Although barriers exist, opportunities to secure South Korea's supply chains through trilateral cooperation include trade policy and sectoral trade agreements, steering the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) into new directions, and joint stockpiling initiatives, such as mineral swap agreements. South Korea can improve its supply chain vulnerabilities by expanding its concepts of economic security to include securing raw material inputs for its defense industrial base. This report should be of interest to South Korean, Japanese, and U.S. policymakers; to researchers of Indo-Pacific and East Asian security, economic security, techno-economic competition, supply chain resilience, and related policy; and to the private sector.